A Review on the Impact of Oxidative Stress and Medicinal Plants on Leydig Cells.

Leydig cells are essential for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular antioxidant level brings about oxidative stress. Oxidative stress (OS) results in the dysfunction of Leydig cells, thereby impairing steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and ultimately, male infertility.

Androgenic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on Leydig TM3 cells in vitro.

Moringa oleifera (MO) is an excellent source of dietary antioxidant. MO is used traditionally to enhance libido and as an aphrodisiac in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the direct effect of aqueous leaf extract of MO on Leydig cell in vitro.

The role of infections and leukocytes in male infertility.

Declining birth rates are one of the problems facing society today. Male counterparts are responsible for about half of the infertility cases, and genitourinary tract infections may play a contributing role in approximately 15% of male infertility cases. Leukocytospermia is an established indicator of infection in the male urogenital tract, although other microorganisms such as bacteria and virus may also be contributors to the etiology of male infertility.

Renal histopathological and biochemical changes following adjuvant intervention of and antiretroviral therapy in diabetic rats.

Objectives: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important primary cause of end-stage kidney disease. This study explores the mechanisms of the reno-protective effects of () in diabetic rats following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen triplavar.

Materials And Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=48) were divided into 7 groups (A-G).

mitigates hepatic injury following adjuvant treatment with antiretroviral drugs in diabetic animal models.

() is a medicinal plant, used in traditional practice for treating diseases like hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the possible hepato-protective effect of following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in diabetic rats. 48 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups (A-G) of 7 animals per group and treated according to protocols.

Nephrotoxicity and highly active antiretroviral therapy: Mitigating action of .

() is known for its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the renoprotective effects of in rats following treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen triplavar. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 178.

Histo-morphological and seminal evaluation of testicular parameters in diabetic rats under antiretroviral therapy: interactions with .

Objectives: Broad range of metabolic changes associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been reported over decades including reproductive perturbations. The current study aimed at investigating the role of in the seminal and morphometric alterations in the testes of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats under HAART.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into A-H groups, containing 6 rats in the control group A and 8 rats in the treatment groups B-H.

Testicular microanatomical and hormonal alterations following use of antiretroviral therapy in Sprague Dawley rats: Role of Naringenin.

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected man may require assisted reproductive technology not just for safer conception but also due to subfertility. The study investigated the effect of antiretroviral drugs on the fertility potentials of males and the possible protective role of Naringenin, using Sprague Dawley rats. Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were grouped into-A: Distilled water; B: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART); C: Naringenin 40 mg/kg; D: Naringenin 80 mg/kg, E: HAART + Naringenin 40 mg/kg; F: HAART + Naringenin 80 mg/kg.

Investigating Organ Toxicity Profile of Tenofovir and Tenofovir Nanoparticle on the Liver and Kidney: Experimental Animal Study.

Tenofovir nanoparticles are novel therapeutic intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reaching the virus in their sanctuary sites. However, there has been no systemic toxicity testing of this formulation despite global concerns on the safety of nano drugs. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxicity of Tenofovir nanoparticle (NTDF) on the liver and kidney using an animal model.

alters metabolic parameters and hepatic histomorphology in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic male rats under antiretroviral therapy.

Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV/AIDS have been demonstrated to induce endocrine/metabolic dysfunction with a consequential increase in morbidity/mortality due to organ toxicities. This study aimed at investigating the possible protective effect of () against metabolic and hepatic histomorphology of diabetic rats under HAART.

Material And Methods: Sixty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normoglycemic group A ( = 6) and 7 diabetic (110 mg/kg nicotinamide + 45 mg/kg streptozotocin) groups (B-H) ( = 8) and treated according to protocols.

Renal histoarchitectural changes in nevirapine therapy: possible role of kolaviron and vitamin C in an experimental animal model.

Background: There is paucity of literature regarding the nephrotoxicity of antiretroviral drugs and its interaction with plant-based adjuvants. This study investigates the attenuating effect of kolaviron in nevirapine-therapy on the histological structure of the kidneys of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Objective: To determine the attenuating influence of anti-oxidant status of kolaviron on the kidneys of experimental animals following nevirapine administration.

Impaired expression of testicular androgen receptor and collagen fibers in the testis of diabetic rats under HAART: the role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea.

Introduction: Wide spectrum of alterations associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been reported. The current study aimed at evaluating the role of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (HH) aqueous extract on the testosterone levels, expression of androgen receptors and collagen fibers in the testes of streptozoto-cin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats under HAART regimen.

Material And Methods: Sixty two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (189.

Coconut Oil Extract Mitigates Testicular Injury Following Adjuvant Treatment with Antiretroviral Drugs.

Increased access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has made the management of drug toxicities an increasingly crucial component of HIV. This study investigated the effects of adjuvant use of coconut oil and HAART on testicular morphology and seminal parameters in Sprague- Dawley rats. Twelve adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 153~169 g were distributed into four groups (A-D) and treated as follows: A served as control (distilled water); B (HAART cocktail- Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine); C (HAART + Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg) and D (Virgin coconut oil 10 mL/kg).

Does Hypoxis hemerocallidea mitigate renal histopathological injuries following highly active antiretroviral therapy? An experimental animal study.

Background: Nephrotoxicity has become an important public health problem following the success recorded with highly active antiretroviral therapy, and there is paucity of literature reporting the attenuating influence of plant-based adjuvants that can mitigate the effects.

Methods: Sixty three adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 9 groups (A-I) and treated as follows: group A received HAART cocktail (lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine), group B received HAART and Hypoxis hemerocallidea (HH) extract (200 mg/kg), group C received HAART and HH (100 mg/kg), group D received HAART and vitamin C, group E received HAART and vitamin E, group F received HAART, vitamin C and vitamin E, group G received HH extract (100 mg/kg), group H received HH extract (200 mg/kg), and group I received saline as placebo. After 56 days, animals were euthanized, kidneys harvested and prepared for H&E staining and blood samples were collected for BUN and serum creatinine analyses.

Hepatic histomorphological and biochemical changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy in an experimental animal model: Does exacerbate hepatic injury?

As the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy continues to drive downwards morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs), organ toxicities (especially the liver) are frequently becoming a major concern for researchers, scientists and healthcare planners. This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effect of (AP) against highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-induced hepatotoxicity. A total of 63 pathogen-free adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 9 groups and treated according to protocols.