Impaired function of epithelial plakophilin-2 is associated with periodontal disease.

Background And Objectives: Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) is an intracellular desmosomal anchoring protein that has been implicated in a genome-wide association study, in which genetic variants of PKP2 are associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) -dominant periodontal dysbiosis. In this study, we compared the ex vivo PKP2 expression in periodontitis gingival biopsies to periodontitis-free subjects and assessed the in vitro role of PKP2 in gingival epithelial barrier function and the mechanism by which P.

Periodontal Disease, Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke.

Background: We recently described the association between periodontal disease (PD) and stroke risk.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the association between PD, dental care utilization and incident atrial fibrillation (AF), as well as AF as a mediator to PD- stroke association.

Methods: In dental cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC), participants without prior AF underwent full-mouth periodontal measurements.

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in CKD: Findings of the Kidney and Periodontal Disease (KAPD) Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rationale & Objective: Observational studies have suggested that periodontal disease may be a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Kidney and Periodontal Disease (KAPD) Study was designed to determine the feasibility of conducting a periodontal disease treatment trial among a high-risk (mostly poor and racial/ethnic minority) population and estimate the magnitude and variability of kidney and inflammatory biomarker levels in response to intensive periodontal treatment.

Study Design: Single-center, unmasked, intention-to-treat, randomized, controlled, pilot trial with 2:1 allocation to the treatment and comparison groups.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin E in Response to .

Oral mucositis, inflammation, and ulceration that occur in the oral cavity can manifest in significant pain. A formulation was designed to investigate the potential of vitamin E to ameliorate inflammation resulting from in cell-based systems. Human gingival fibroblasts and THP1 cells were stimulated with heat killed and LPS (agonists).

IL-10 Dampens an IL-17-Mediated Periodontitis-Associated Inflammatory Network.

Emerging evidence suggests comprehensive immune profiling represents a highly promising, yet insufficiently tapped approach to identify potentially prognostic signatures for periodontitis. In this report, we agnostically identified a periodontitis-associated inflammatory expression network with multiple biomarkers identified within gingival crevicular fluid samples from study participants by applying principal component analysis. We identified an IL-17-dominated trait that is associated with periodontal disease and is inversely modified by the level of IL-10.

Evaluation of a Curved Design Rubber Bristle Interdental Cleaner on Patients with Gingivitis.

The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a curved rubber bristle interdental cleaner, as compared to dental floss, in the reduction of gingivitis and plaque. Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD) and Modified QH Plaque Index (MQH-PI) parameters were evaluated in an examiner-masked, parallel group, controlled clinical study. A total of 50 participants with gingivitis (no site with PPD >4 mm, BOP ≥10% but ≤50%) met the eligibility criteria.

Endodontic therapy and incident cardiovascular disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Objectives: Previous studies on a potential association between endodontic infection (EI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) produced mixed results. Endodontic treatment (ET) may also be linked to cardiovascular risk, as a marker for prior chronic dental infection and subclinical EI in other teeth. We tested the hypothesis that ET is associated with elevated risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke (IS), heart failure (HF), or venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Advances in precision oral health.

The concept of precision dentistry as it relates to precision medicine is relatively new to the field of oral health. Precision dentistry is a contemporary, multifaceted, data-driven approach to oral health care that uses individual characteristics to stratify similar patients into phenotypic groups. The objective is to provide clinicians with the information that will allow them to improve treatment planning and a patient's response to treatment.

Periodontal Medicine: 100 Years of Progress.

is a term used to describe how periodontal infection/inflammation may impact extraoral health. Periodontitis has been linked to over 50 systemic diseases and conditions. As part of the 's Centennial Celebration, this narrative review discusses periodontal medicine research done over the past 100 y, with particular focus on the effects of periodontal disease on 3 pathological conditions: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

In Vivo Antibacterial Efficacy of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Hyperbranched Polymers against .

The in vivo antibacterial activity of NO-releasing hyperbranched polymers was evaluated against , a key oral pathogen associated with periodontitis, using a murine subcutaneous chamber model. Escalating doses of NO-releasing polymers (1.5, 7.

Genome-wide analysis of dental caries and periodontitis combining clinical and self-reported data.

Dental caries and periodontitis account for a vast burden of morbidity and healthcare spending, yet their genetic basis remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we identify self-reported dental disease proxies which have similar underlying genetic contributions to clinical disease measures and then combine these in a genome-wide association study meta-analysis, identifying 47 novel and conditionally-independent risk loci for dental caries. We show that the heritability of dental caries is enriched for conserved genomic regions and partially overlapping with a range of complex traits including smoking, education, personality traits and metabolic measures.

IL-37- and IL-35/IL-37-Producing Plasma Cells in Chronic Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases and is induced by the interaction between oral microorganisms and the host immune system. Plasma cells are of special interest in chronic periodontitis (CP), as they represent ~50% of infiltrated immune cells in periodontal lesions. Plasma cells constitute the only known cell type capable of antibody production; however, recent evidence supports an emerging role for distinct sets of plasma cells in cytokine production.

Comparing Initial Wound Healing and Osteogenesis of Porous Tantalum Trabecular Metal and Titanium Alloy Materials.

Porous tantalum trabecular metal (PTTM) has long been used in orthopedics to enhance neovascularization, wound healing, and osteogenesis; recently, it has been incorporated into titanium alloy dental implants. However, little is known about the biological responses to PTTM in the human oral cavity. We have hypothesized that, compared with conventional titanium alloy, PTTM has a greater expression of genes specific to neovascularization, wound healing, and osteogenesis during the initial healing period.

PeRiodontal Treatment to Eliminate Minority Inequality and Rural Disparities in Stroke (PREMIERS): A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study.

Background: Stroke remains more common in the "buckle" of the stroke belt, and disproportionately impacts African Americans. The reasons for this racial disparity are poorly understood and are not entirely explained by traditional stroke risk factors. The PeRiodontal treatment to Eliminate Minority InEquality and Rural disparities in Stroke (PREMIERS) study will evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on recurrent vascular events and stroke risk factors among ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack patients.

Exploring a temporal relationship between biofilm microbiota and inflammatory mediators during resolution of naturally occurring gingivitis.

Background: This study uses multiple, contemporary methodologies to expand our knowledge of the temporal relationship between host-microbial interactions and clinical signs of gingivitis.

Methods: Subgingival plaque and crevicular fluid samples were collected from 31 systemically healthy adults with naturally occurring plaque-induced gingivitis. Professional prophylaxis was administered and participants were followed over 7 weeks.

Differential Mucosal Gene Expression Patterns in Candida-Associated, Chronic Oral Denture Stomatitis.

Purpose: Denture stomatitis is a common condition manifested by inflammation of the oral mucous membrane beneath a denture. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptome of human palatal mucosa with chronic oral stomatitis-associated Candida albicans infection to that of healthy oral mucosa.

Materials And Methods: Oral palatal biopsies were obtained from 17 healthy and 15 C.

Transcriptomic profiling of tantalum metal implant osseointegration in osteopenic patients.

Objectives: The long-term success of dental implants is established by literature. Although clinically well defined, the complex genetic pathways underlying osseointegration have not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis are considered to present as higher risk for implant failure.

Periodontal disease and incident venous thromboembolism: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Aim: Periodontal disease is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor but few studies have considered the relationship between periodontal disease and venous thromboembolism (VTE). We hypothesized that periodontal disease is independently associated with increased risk of incident VTE.

Materials And Methods: We used data from 8,092 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study to examine periodontal disease in 1996-1998 and incident VTE through 2011.

An experimental murine model to study periodontitis.

Periodontal disease (PD) is a common dental disease associated with the interaction between dysbiotic oral microbiota and host immunity. It is a prevalent disease, resulting in loss of gingival tissue, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. PD is a major form of tooth loss in the adult population.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of aggressive and chronic periodontitis identifies two novel risk loci.

Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases, with a prevalence of 11% worldwide for the severe forms and an estimated heritability of 50%. It is classified into the widespread moderate form chronic periodontitis (CP) and the rare early-onset and severe phenotype aggressive periodontitis (AgP). These different disease manifestations are thought to share risk alleles and predisposing environmental factors.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease and periodontitis reveals a novel shared risk locus.

Evidence for a shared genetic basis of association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and periodontitis (PD) exists. To explore the joint genetic basis, we performed a GWAS meta-analysis. In the discovery stage, we used a German aggressive periodontitis sample (AgP-Ger; 680 cases vs 3,973 controls) and the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D CAD meta-analysis dataset (60,801 cases vs 123,504 controls).

GWAS for Interleukin-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid identifies IL37 variants in periodontal inflammation.

There is no agnostic GWAS evidence for the genetic control of IL-1β expression in periodontal disease. Here we report a GWAS for "high" gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β expression among 4910 European-American adults and identify association signals in the IL37 locus. rs3811046 at this locus (p = 3.

Targeting epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal diseases.

Epigenetic factors are heritable genome modifications that potentially impact gene transcription, contributing to disease states. Epigenetic marks play an important role in chronic inflammatory conditions, as observed in periodontal diseases, by allowing microbial persistence or by permitting microbial insult to play a role in the so-called 'hit-and-run' infectious mechanism, leading to lasting pathogen interference with the host genome. Epigenetics also affects the health sciences by providing a dynamic mechanistic framework to explain the way in which environmental and behavioral factors interact with the genome to alter disease risk.

Family History of MI, Smoking, and Risk of Periodontal Disease.

Periodontal disease (PD) shares common risk factors with cardiovascular disease. Our hypothesis was that having a family history of myocardial infarction (FamHxMI) may be a novel risk factor for PD. Risk assessment based on FamHxMI, conditional on smoking status, was examined given the strong influence of smoking on PD.

Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions.

A new periodontitis classification scheme has been adopted, in which forms of the disease previously recognized as "chronic" or "aggressive" are now grouped under a single category ("periodontitis") and are further characterized based on a multi-dimensional staging and grading system. Staging is largely dependent upon the severity of disease at presentation as well as on the complexity of disease management, while grading provides supplemental information about biological features of the disease including a history-based analysis of the rate of periodontitis progression; assessment of the risk for further progression; analysis of possible poor outcomes of treatment; and assessment of the risk that the disease or its treatment may negatively affect the general health of the patient. Necrotizing periodontal diseases, whose characteristic clinical phenotype includes typical features (papilla necrosis, bleeding, and pain) and are associated with host immune response impairments, remain a distinct periodontitis category.