Minimizing Long-Term Toxicities for Patients with Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma Undergoing Modern Radiotherapy: Results from a Monocentric Biophysical Risk Evaluation.

Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare form of aggressive B-cell lymphoma with a predominant onset in young patients. The minimization of potential (late) side effects is of cardinal interest for these patients. An anticipation of the individual risk profile is desirable to counsel the patient on the putative impact of radiotherapy (RT).

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Promotes Liver Fibrosis by Inducing Hepatocellular Death.

The activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1α and 2α in the liver is closely linked to the progression of fatty liver diseases. Prior studies indicated that disrupting hepatocyte HIF-2α attenuates diet-induced hepatic steatosis, subsequently decreasing fibrosis. However, the direct role of hepatocyte HIF-2α in liver fibrosis has not been addressed.

Advanced Stage Hodgkin and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas: Is There Still a Role for Consolidation Radiotherapy in the PET Era?

The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of lymphoma is rapidly evolving. The development of modern systemic therapies and the adoption of FDG-PET-scanning as metabolic prognosticators are leading to a process of refinement of the treatment regimens. In this scenario, radiotherapy utilization is decreasing in several settings, including lower risk patients, to prevent the risk of long-term complications.

Efficacy and Low Toxicity of Normo-Fractionated Re-Irradiation with Combined Chemotherapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma-An Analysis of Treatment Response and Failure.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. Even after maximal safe resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, patients normally relapse after a few years or even months. Standard treatment for recurrent glioblastoma is not yet defined, with re-resection, re-irradiation, and systemic therapy playing key roles.

Semaglutide normalizes increased cardiomyocyte calcium transients in a rat model of high fat diet-induced obesity.

Aims: Obesity increases the risk of heart failure with preserved (HFpEF), but not reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1-RA) semaglutide improves outcome of patients with obesity with or without HFpEF, while GLP-1-RAs were associated with adverse outcome in patients with HFrEF. Here, we investigate the effect of in vivo treatment with semaglutide on excitation-contraction coupling in a rat model of obesity.

Axion Emission from Strange Matter in Core-Collapse SNe.

The duration of the neutrino burst from the supernova event SN 1987A is known to be sensitive to exotic sources of cooling, such as axions radiated from the dense and hot hadronic matter thought to constitute the inner core of the supernova. We perform the first quantitative study of the role of hadronic matter beyond the first generation--in particular strange matter. We do so by consistently including the full baryon and meson octets, and computing axion emissivity induced from baryon-meson to baryon-axion scatterings as well as from baryon decays.

Basal cisternostomy as an adjunct to decompressive hemicraniectomy in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Basal cisternostomy (BC) is a surgical technique to reduce intracranial hypertension following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). As the efficacy and safety of BC in patients with TBI has not been well-studied, we aim to summarize the published evidence on the effect of BC as an adjunct to decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) on clinical outcome following moderate to severe TBI.

Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies evaluating BC as an adjunct to decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) in moderate to severe TBI.

Sustainability in radiation oncology: opportunities for enhancing patient care and reducing CO emissions in breast cancer radiotherapy at selected German centers.

Background And Objective: Radiotherapy often entails a substantial travel burden for patients accessing radiation oncology centers. The total travel distance for such treatments is primarily influenced by two factors: fractionation schedules and the distances traveled. Specific data on these aspects are not well documented in Germany.

Context-Dependent Distinct Roles of SOX9 in Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cholangiocarcinoma.

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) is a challenging primary liver cancer subtype with limited treatment options and a devastating prognosis. Recent studies have underscored the context-dependent roles of SOX9 in liver cancer formation in a preventive manner. Here, we revealed that liver-specific developmental elimination using (LKO) and -based tumor-specific acute elimination (CKO) in SB-HDTVI-based (AY) and (AN) cHCC-CCA models showed contrasting responses.

Early major fracture care in polytrauma-priorities in the context of concomitant injuries: A Delphi consensus process and systematic review.

Background: The timing of major fracture care in polytrauma patients has a relevant impact on outcomes. Yet, standardized treatment strategies with respect to concomitant injuries are rare. This study aims to provide expert recommendations regarding the timing of major fracture care in the presence of concomitant injuries to the brain, thorax, abdomen, spine/spinal cord, and vasculature, as well as multiple fractures.

Neurofeedback-enabled beta power control with a fully implanted DBS system in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Parkinsonian motor symptoms are linked to pathologically increased beta oscillations in the basal ganglia. Studies with externalised deep brain stimulation electrodes showed that Parkinson patients were able to rapidly gain control over these pathological basal ganglia signals through neurofeedback. Studies with fully implanted deep brain stimulation systems duplicating these promising results are required to grant transferability to daily application.

Therapeutic potential of SOX9 dysruption in Combined Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cholangiocarcinoma.

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) represents a challenging subtype of primary liver cancer with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Recently, we and others have highlighted the context-dependent roles of the biliary-specific transcription factor SOX9 in the pathogenesis of liver cancers using various applications in strains, to achieve elimination for exon 2 and 3 of the gene locus as a preventive manner. Here, we reveal the contrasting responses of developmental elimination using ( LKO) versus -based tumor specific acute CKO in SB-HDTVI-based and cHCC-CCA formation.

Knowledge and competences in hematological malignancies amongst radiation oncology residents in Germany-results from a national survey.

Introduction: Radiation oncology is a pivotal modality in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. To enable state-of-the-art patient care, structured education during residency is essential. However, given the lack of detailed data, the scope of educational opportunities available to trainees remains elusive.

Involved-site Radiation Therapy is Equally Effective and Less Toxic Than Involved-field Radiation Therapy in Patients Receiving Combined Modality Treatment for Early-stage Unfavorable Hodgkin Lymphoma-An Analysis of the Randomized Phase 3 HD17 Trial of the German Hodgkin Study Group.

Purpose: Combined modality treatment with chemotherapy followed by consolidation radiation therapy (RT) provides excellent outcomes for patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. The international standard of care for consolidation RT, involved-site/involved-node radiation therapy (ISRT/INRT), has never been evaluated in a randomized phase 3 trial against the former standard involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT).

Methods And Materials: In the multicenter phase 3 GHSG (German Hodgkin Study Group) HD17 trial, patients with early-stage unfavorable Hodgkin lymphoma were randomized between the standard Combined modality treatment group and a positron-emission tomography (PET)-guided group.

Antagonizing Activin A/p15 Signaling as Therapeutic Strategy for Liver Disease.

Background/aim: Activin A is involved in the pathogenesis of human liver diseases, but its therapeutic targeting is not fully explored. Here, we tested the effect of novel, highly specific small-molecule-based activin A antagonists (NUCC-474/555) in improving liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy and halting fibrosis progression in models of chronic liver diseases (CLDs).

Methods: Cell toxicity of antagonists was determined in rat hepatocytes and Huh-7 cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay.

Toward the "Perfect" Shunt: Historical Vignette, Current Efforts, and Future Directions.

As a concept, drainage of excess fluid volume in the cranium has been around for more than 1000 years. Starting with the original decompression-trepanation of Abulcasis to modern programmable shunt systems, to other nonshunt-based treatments such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization, we have come far as a field. However, there are still fundamental limitations that shunts have yet to overcome: namely posture-induced over- and underdrainage, the continual need for valve opening pressure especially in pediatric cases, and the failure to reinstall physiologic intracranial pressure dynamics.

Effects of NPY-2 Receptor Antagonists, Semaglutide, PYY, and Empagliflozin on Early MASLD in Diet-Induced Obese Rats.

(1) Background: Modulators of the Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system are involved in energy metabolism, but the effect of NPY receptor antagonists on metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a common obesity-related comorbidity, are largely unknown. In this study, we report on the effects of antagonists of the NPY-2 receptor (Y2R) in comparison with empagliflozin and semaglutide, substances that are known to be beneficial in MASLD. (2) Methods: Diet-induced obese (DIO) male Wistar rats were randomized into the following treatment groups: empagliflozin, semaglutide ± PYY, the Y2R antagonists JNJ 31020028 and a food-restricted group, as well as a control group.

Estimation of Mediastinal Toxicities after Radiotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma-A Normal Tissue Complication Analysis of the HD16/17 Trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group.

Purpose: Hodgkin lymphoma is a hematologic malignancy with excellent outcomes even in advanced stages. Consequently, the importance of treatment-associated toxicity increases. However, the exact estimation of individualized rates is difficult due to different disease extents, treatment strategies and techniques.

Radiotherapy in younger patients with advanced aggressive B-cell lymphoma-long-term results from the phase 3 R-MegaCHOEP trial.

The role of consolidative radiotherapy (RT) for patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma has not been fully elucidated. The R-MegaCHOEP trial investigated the use of high-dose chemotherapy and rituximab with subsequent autologous stem cell transplantations compared to conventional immunochemotherapy (R-CHOEP) for high-risk patients up to 60 years. The study protocol included RT for patients with bulky (maximum diameter ≥7.