Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Professional Autonomy: A Scoping Review.

Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' professional autonomy is a critical factor affecting their ability to sustainably provide high-quality care to patients who are critically ill and to their families. However, in the absence of a systematic or scoping review of ICU nurses' professional autonomy, limited information and evidence are available on this topic. The aim of this scoping review was to clarify the extent and type of evidence on ICU nurses' professional autonomy.

Influence of Cesarean Section on Postpartum Fertility and Dysmenorrhea: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Japan.

Objective: To investigate the association between cesarean section (CS) and postpartum fertility and dysmenorrhea using data from a Japanese insurance registry.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used a data set of patients registered between 2007 and 2021 in an insurance registry comprising specific employee-based health insurance companies in Japan. Of those data sets, we included data from participants who had their first recorded childbirth between 2014 and 2018.

Radiomics based on diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiation between focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the parameters of support vector machine (SVM) using imaging data generated from the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to differentiate between focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis (f-AIP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) when using SVM based on diffusion-weighted imaging.

Methods: The 2D-ADC and texture parameters (16 texture features × [non-filter+17 filters]) were retrospectively segmented by 2 readers in 28 patients with f-AIP and 77 patients with pathologically proven PDAC. The diagnostic accuracy of the SVM model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and calculation of the area under the curve (AUC).

Effectiveness of frailty screening and perioperative team management of colectomy patients aged 80 years or more.

Background: We aimed to clarify usefulness of the modified Frailty Index 11 (mFI-11) for assessing risk of postoperative complications (POCs) and effectiveness of perioperative management team (POMT) intervention for improving postoperative status of frail aged patients requiring colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.

Methods: We compared, retrospectively, surgical outcomes among 151 consecutive CRC surgery patients aged ≥80 years. Patients were grouped by mFI-11 scores and by POMT intervention (vs.

Full-field fluorescence lifetime dual-comb microscopy using spectral mapping and frequency multiplexing of dual-comb optical beats.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful tool for quantitative fluorescence imaging because fluorescence lifetime is independent of concentration of fluorescent molecules or excitation/detection efficiency and is robust to photobleaching. However, since most FLIMs are based on point-to-point measurements, mechanical scanning of a focal spot is needed for forming an image, which hampers rapid imaging. Here, we demonstrate scan-less full-field FLIM based on a one-to-one correspondence between two-dimensional (2D) image pixels and frequency-multiplexed radio frequency (RF) signals.

Dynamic characterization of polarization property in liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator using dual-comb spectroscopic polarimetry.

Spectroscopic polarimetry (SP) is a powerful tool for characterization of thin film, polarization optics, semiconductor, and others. However, mechanical polarization modulation of broadband light hampers its application for dynamic monitoring of a sample. In this article, we demonstrate the dynamic SP with features of polarization-modulation-free polarimetry and spectrometer-free spectroscopy benefiting from dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) using a pair of optical frequency combs (OFCs).

Optical image amplification in dual-comb microscopy.

Dual-comb microscopy (DCM), based on a combination of dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) with two-dimensional spectral encoding (2D-SE), is a promising method for scan-less confocal laser microscopy giving an amplitude and phase image contrast with the confocality. However, signal loss in a 2D-SE optical system hampers increase in image acquisition rate due to decreased signal-to-noise ratio. In this article, we demonstrated optical image amplification in DCM with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).

Visualization of internal structure and internal stress in visibly opaque objects using full-field phase-shifting terahertz digital holography.

We construct a full-field phase-shifting terahertz digital holography (PS-THz-DH) system by use of a THz quantum cascade laser and an uncooled, 2D micro-bolometer array. The PS-THz-DH enables us to separate the necessary diffraction-order image from unnecessary diffraction-order images without the need for spatial Fourier filtering, leading to suppress the decrease of spatial resolution. 3D shape of a visibly opaque object is visualized with a sub-millimeter lateral resolution and a sub-µm axial resolution.

Refractive index sensing with temperature compensation by a multimode-interference fiber-based optical frequency comb sensing cavity.

We proposed a refractive index (RI) sensing method with temperature compensation by using an optical frequency comb (OFC) sensing cavity including a multimode-interference (MMI) fiber, namely, the MMI-OFC sensing cavity. The MMI-OFC sensing cavity enables simultaneous measurement of material-dependent RI and sample temperature by decoding from the comb spacing frequency shift and the wavelength shift of the OFC. We realized the simultaneous and continuous measurement of RI-related concentration of a liquid sample and its temperature with precisions of 1.

Multicascade-linked synthetic wavelength digital holography using an optical-comb-referenced frequency synthesizer.

Digital holography (DH) is a promising method for non-contact surface topography because the reconstructed phase image can visualize the nanometer unevenness in a sample. However, the axial range of this method is limited to the range of the optical wavelength due to the phase wrapping ambiguity. Although the use of two different wavelengths of light and the resulting synthetic wavelength, i.

Refractive-index-sensing optical comb based on photonic radio-frequency conversion with intracavity multi-mode interference fiber sensor.

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) have attracted attention as optical frequency rulers due to their tooth-like discrete spectra together with their inherent mode-locking nature and phase-locking control to a frequency standard. Based on this concept, their applications until now have been demonstrated in the fields of optical frequency metrology. However, if the utility of OFCs can be further expanded beyond their application by exploiting new aspects of OFCs, this will lead to new developments in optical metrology and instrumentation.

Dual terahertz comb spectroscopy with a single free-running fibre laser.

Dual terahertz (THz) comb spectroscopy enables high spectral resolution, high spectral accuracy, and broad spectral coverage; however, the requirement for dual stabilized femtosecond lasers hampers its versatility. We here report the first demonstration of dual THz comb spectroscopy using a single free-running fibre laser. By tuning the cavity-loss-dependent gain profile with an intracavity Lyot filter together with precise management of the cavity length and dispersion, dual-wavelength comb light beams with slightly detuned repetition frequencies are generated in a single laser cavity.

The European, Japanese and US protective helmet, gloves and boots for firefighters: thermoregulatory and psychological evaluations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and subjective responses of the European, Japanese (JPN) and US firefighters' helmet, gloves and boots for international standardisation. Three experimental conditions were evaluated (clothing mass: 9.4, 8.

The effect of cholesterol and monosialoganglioside (GM1) on the release and aggregation of amyloid beta-peptide from liposomes prepared from brain membrane-like lipids.

In order to investigate the influence of cholesterol (Ch) and monosialoganglioside (GM1) on the release and subsequent deposition/aggregation of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta)-(1-40) and Abeta-(1-42), we have examined Abeta peptide model membrane interactions by circular dichroism, turbidity measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Model liposomes containing Abeta peptide and a lipid mixture composition similar to that found in the cerebral cortex membranes (CCM-lipid) have been prepared. In all, four Abeta-containing liposomes were investigated: CCM-lipid; liposomes with no GM1 (GM1-free lipid); those with no cholesterol (Ch-free lipid); liposomes with neither cholesterol nor GM1 (Ch-GM1-free lipid).