Carcinogenicity of diethylstilbestrol in the Wistar rat: effect of postnatal oral contraceptive steroids.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been associated with vaginal neoplasia and malformations in humans. We have studied a test population of 504 female Wistar rats given diethylstilbestrol at from 0.0 to 0.

Biplots in biomedical research.

The biplot is a graphical display of multivariate data. A number of examples from biomedical research illustrate its use. Biplots allow for inspection of data preliminary to formal analysis, and can follow an analysis by the graphical inspection of residuals.

A controlled clinical trial of baclofen as protective therapy in early Huntington's disease.

We carried out a controlled clinical trial to examine the potential of baclofen to slow the functional decline of patients with early Huntington's disease (HD). The basis of the trial was: (1) the hypothesis that excitatory amino acid neurotransmission mediates the neuronal degeneration of HD, (2) preclinical evidence that baclofen retards corticostriatal release of glutamate and aspartate, and (3) reports that baclofen produces short-term clinical benefits in some HD patients. Sixty patients with early HD were randomized to chronic baclofen, 60 mg/day, or placebo treatments and followed systematically for up to 42 months.

The accuracy of blood glucose testing by children.

While studies have evaluated the accuracy of adult patients and health personnel in reading various glucose oxidase impregnated strips to estimate blood glucose, there are no studies exclusively evaluating the accuracy of children with diabetes reading their own strips as compared to a staff member, and meter to meter variability in reading these strips. We evaluated the accuracy of reading chemstrip bG by children at a summer camp. The children's visual readings of their own strips were compared to the visual reading of a single staff member.

The mortality risk associated with digitalis treatment after myocardial infarction.

We examined the effects of digitalis therapy on postinfarction mortality throughout a 24-month to 48-month follow-up in 867 patients who survived an acute myocardial infarction. During follow-up, 145 patients died (16.7% mortality).

Infant mortality and economic instability in Yugoslavia.

Efforts to manage Yugoslavia's debt crisis beginning in 1979 led to economic policies which resulted in declining real income in subsequent years. This has been associated with a slowing of the rate at which infant mortality has declined. There is no evidence, however, that populations in poor parts of the country experienced a more dramatic impact on infant mortality than did populations in more favored regions.

Predicting risk of pneumothorax in needle biopsy of the lung.

We prospectively studied results of 103 consecutive transthoracic needle biopsies of lung lesions suspicious for malignancy to determine if lesion size, depth within the lung, hyperinflation, second needle passes, or 100 percent oxygen breathing influenced the incidence of pneumothorax. Thirty-eight patients (37 percent) developed pneumothorax. Ten (10 percent) required tube thoracostomy for re-expansion.

Active and passive capillary control in red muscle at rest and in exercise.

Capillary control was quantified in dog gracilis muscles from in situ. About 550 capillaries/mm2, one-third the total number present, were perfused with erythrocytes simultaneously at rest; two-thirds the total could be perfused during maximal vasodilation. The functional capillary reserve was about 600/mm2.

Digitalis-associated cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction.

The effect of digitalis therapy on 4-month posthospital cardiac mortality was investigated in 812 patients who survived the hospital phase of acute myocardial infraction. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with increased mortality and to adjust for differences in confounding variables between digitalis and nondigitalis patients. The major 4-month mortality (10 of 26 patients [38.

Calculated dispersion of capillary transit times: significance for oxygen exchange.

Probability densities for red cell velocity (V) and capillary length (L) in dog gracilis muscles were computed from mean length and mean velocity assuming two-parameter gamma distributions [Honig, Feldstein, and Frierson, Am. J. Physiol.

Capillary recruitment in exercise: rate, extent, uniformity, and relation to blood flow.

Erythrocyte-containing capillaries were counted in dog gracilis muscles freeze-clamped at rest and after twitch contraction at 4/s. In each of 21 muscles, 6--8 blocks were examined at -70 degrees C without fixation or staining; 15 fields were counted per block. Frequency analysis of capillaries per field based on the negative binomial distribution indicated that capillary density at rest was controlled by arterioles.

Intercapillary distance and capillary reserve in hypertrophied rat hearts beating in situ.

Functional intercapillary distance (ICD) was measured in stop-motion photomicrographs of hypertrophied, normally compensated, well oxygenated rat hearts beating in situ. Left ventricular hypertrophy was produced by salt loading and unilateral nephrectomy. Minimum ICD (when all capillaries are open) also was measured.

Coronary intercapillary distance during growth: relation to PtO2 and aerobic capacity.

Intercapillary distance (ICD) was measured in left ventricles of rats beating in situ. Between 40 and 400 days of age, left ventricular weight increased threefold and ICD increased from 12.5-19.

The use-effectiveness of two contraceptive methods in a Navajo population: the problem of program dropouts.

Navajo Indian intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) and oral contraceptive users between 1966 and 1971 were followed up to estimate life table rates of complications and continuation. Because of high rates of dropping out, 41.6 per cent of 291 oral contraceptive users and 18.