Developing a tool to assess the health-related quality of life in calves with respiratory disease: tool refinement and construct validity testing.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in calves and detection of the disease can be challenging. Diagnostic tools for BRD are typically based on the assessment of clinical signs. As experience of disease is associated with a poor quality of life and this poor emotional experience can be expressed in observable behaviour patterns, a quality-of-life approach might identify new indicators of disease.

Conceptualisation and Role of Market Access in Pharmaceutical Industry: A Scoping Review.

Background: Understanding the concept and dynamic process of the evolution of professional identity and roles of market access (MA) in the pharmaceutical industry (pharma) is critical to personal, interpersonal, and professional levels of development and impact.

Objective: The aim was to carry out a scoping review of the conceptualisation of MA within pharma.

Data Sources: BioMed Central, WorldCat.

An optimized purification protocol for enzymatically synthesized S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) for applications in solution state infrared spectroscopic studies.

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is an abundant biomolecule used by methyltransferases to regulate a wide range of essential cellular processes such as gene expression, cell signaling, protein functions, and metabolism. Despite considerable effort, there remain many specificity challenges associated with designing small molecule inhibitors for methyltransferases, most of which exhibit off-target effects. Interestingly, NMR evidence suggests that SAM undergoes conformeric exchange between several states when free in solution.

Evaluating the cost-utility of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus radical cystectomy in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the UK.

Aims: Approximately 75% of bladder cancer (BC) cases present as non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC). In patients with high-risk NMIBC, the mainstay treatment is intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), with immediate radical cystectomy (RC) as an alternative treatment option. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cost-utility of BCG versus RC in patients with high-risk NMIBC from the UK healthcare payer perspective.

Developing a tool to assess the health-related quality of life in calves with respiratory disease: content validation.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major welfare and productivity issue for calves. Despite the extensive negative impacts on calf welfare and performance, BRD remains challenging to detect and treat effectively. However, the clinical signs of disease are only one aspect of the disease that is experienced by the individual.

Indicators of Health-Related Quality of Life in Cats With Degenerative Joint Disease: Systematic Review and Proposal of a Conceptual Framework.

The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is becoming increasingly important in companion animals. This study describes a systematic review and development of a proposed conceptual framework to assess HRQoL in cats with osteoarthritis (OA). The conceptual framework was developed according to published guidelines.

Modeling the effects of steroid implant use on the environmental and economic sustainability of Brazilian beef production.

Brazilian beef systems contribute 14.9% of global beef production, therefore given climate change concerns, there is a clear need to reduce environmental impacts while maintaining economic viability. This study evaluated the hypothesis that steroid implant use in Brazilian beef cattle would reduce resource use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and economic costs of production, thereby improving environmental and economic sustainability.

Construction of a Conceptual Framework for Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Dogs With Osteoarthritis.

An owner's ability to detect changes in the behavior of a dog afflicted with osteoarthritis (OA) may be a barrier to presentation, clinical diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Management of OA also relies upon an owner's ability to accurately monitor improvement following a trial period of pain relief. The changes in behavior that are associated with the onset and relief of pain from OA can be assessed to determine the dog's health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Construction of a conceptual framework for assessment of health-related quality of life in calves with respiratory disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting beef and dairy calves worldwide, with implications for lifetime productivity, antimicrobial use and animal welfare. Our objective was to construct a conceptual framework for assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in calves with respiratory disease, based on indicators suitable for direct pen-side visual observation. Health-related quality of life measures aim to evaluate the subjective experience of the animal rather than any related pathology.

Real-world incidence and prevalence of low back pain using routinely collected data.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem among adults of working age population, and its prevalence or incidence increases with increasing in age. The purpose of this review was to examine the real-world prevalence or incidence of LBP. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance to the PRISMA guideline.

Burden of cytomegalovirus disease in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: a national, matched cohort study in an inpatient setting.

Purpose Of The Study: No studies have compared the risk of mortality or graft-versus-host disease, in an inpatient setting in France, in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients who develop cytomegalovirus disease with those who do not. This study assessed the impact of cytomegalovirus disease on clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients using the French Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information database.

Patients And Methods: Recipients who had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant in French hospitals between 2008 and 2011 were included in this retrospective, matched cohort study.

Cost-effectiveness of solifenacin compared with oral antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder in the UK.

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of solifenacin 5 mg/day versus other oral antimuscarinic agents used for overactive bladder (OAB) from a UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective. In a Markov model, hypothetical patients received solifenacin 5 mg/day or a comparator antimuscarinic, after which they could switch to an alternative antimuscarinic. The model estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER), expressed as cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) over a 5-year period.

Using a modified Delphi methodology to gain consensus on the use of dressings in chronic wounds management.

Objective: Managing chronic wounds is associated with a burden to patients, caregivers, health services and society and there is a lack of clarity regarding the role of dressings in improving outcomes. This study aimed to provide understanding on a range of topics, including: the definition of chronicity in wounds, the burden of illness, clinical outcomes of reducing healing time and the impact of early interventions on clinical and economic outcomes and the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in wound healing.

Method: A systematic review of the literature was carried out on the role of dressings in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), and venous leg ulcer (VLU) management strategies, their effectiveness, associated resource use/cost, and quality of life (QoL) impact on patients.

"De-escalation" strategy using micafungin for the treatment of systemic infections: budget impact in France and Germany.

Background: The incidence of azole-resistant infections is increasing. Consequently, guidelines for treating systemic infection (SCI) recommend a "de-escalation" strategy: initial broad-spectrum antifungal agents (e.g.

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin 5 mg/day versus other oral antimuscarinic agents in overactive bladder: A systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.

Aims: To compare efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin 5 mg/day versus other oral antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods: Literature searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were undertaken to identify randomized controlled trials in OAB (2000-2015) for antimuscarinic agents. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to estimate efficacy and tolerability outcomes for solifenacin 5 mg/day relative to other antimuscarinics.

Burden of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients: a national matched cohort study in an inpatient setting.

Background: We investigated the impact of early- (E-CMV) and late onset (L-CMV) cytomegalovirus disease on the probability of graft rejection, graft failure, mortality, and healthcare resource use, following solid organ transplantation (SOT) in France.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from the French 'Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information' database (2007-2011) was conducted to identify SOT recipients who developed CMV disease in an inpatient setting. Recipients were stratified by time to CMV disease onset: E-CMV (≤3 months), L-CMV-3M (>3-24 months), and L-CMV-6M (>6-24 months).

Effectiveness of the capsaicin 8% patch in the management of peripheral neuropathic pain in European clinical practice: the ASCEND study.

Background: In randomised studies, the capsaicin 8% patch has demonstrated effective pain relief in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) arising from different aetiologies.

Methods: ASCEND was an open-label, non-interventional study of patients with non-diabetes-related PNP who received capsaicin 8% patch treatment, according to usual clinical practice, and were followed for ≤52 weeks. Co-primary endpoints were percentage change in the mean numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) 'average daily pain' score from baseline to the average of Weeks 2 and 8 following first treatment; and median time from first to second treatment.

Using EQ-5D-3L and OAB-5D to assess changes in the health-related quality of life of men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objectives: To assess changes in the health status of men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) using the EQ-5D-3L and OAB-5D instruments and to evaluate the sensitivity of the instruments.

Methods: Data were available from a large randomised phase III trial of men with moderate-to-severe storage and voiding LUTS/BPH (NEPTUNE). Men received a fixed-dose combination of solifenacin 6 mg plus oral controlled absorption system (OCAS™) formulation of tamsulosin (TOCAS, 0.

Perceptions and factors affecting pharmaceutical market access: results from a literature review and survey of stakeholders in different settings.

Background: A change in the pharmaceutical environment has occurred from previously only needing to convince regulators of a product's safety and efficacy to obtain marketing authorisation to now needing to satisfy the value perceptions of other stakeholders, including payers, to attain market access for products. There is thus the need to understand the concept of market access that may be defined as 'the process that ensures the development and commercial availability of pharmaceutical products with appropriate value propositions, leading to their prescribing and to successful uptake decisions by payers and patients, with the ultimate goal of achieving profitability and best patient outcomes'. The aim of this research therefore was to explore the understanding of market access among various stakeholders and how their understanding of this concept could improve patient access to pharmaceutical products.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tacrolimus versus Ciclosporin as Primary Immunosuppression After Liver Transplant.

Background And Aims: Several meta-analyses comparing ciclosporin with tacrolimus have been conducted since the 1994 publication of the tacrolimus registration trials, but most captured data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) predating recent improvements in waiting list prioritization, induction protocols and concomitant medications. The present study comprised a systematic review and meta-analysis of ciclosporin and tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients using studies published since January 2000.

Methods: Searches of PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE identified RCTs of tacrolimus and ciclosporin as the immunosuppressant in adult primary liver transplant recipients, published between January 2000 and August 6, 2014.

Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus Relative to Immediate-Release Tacrolimus in Liver Transplant Patients Based on Data from Routine Clinical Practice.

Background: As of 2014, there were approximately 8300 patients with a functioning liver transplant in the UK Transplant Registry, with 880 liver transplants performed in 2013-2014 alone. Tacrolimus, typically used in combination with steroids and mycophenolate mofetil, currently represents the cornerstone of post-transplant immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of prolonged-release (PR) tacrolimus (Advagraf, Astellas Pharma Inc.

A cost-utility analysis of prolonged-release tacrolimus relative to immediate-release tacrolimus and ciclosporin in liver transplant recipients in the UK.

Background: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) represent the cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation. A recent network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluated the relative efficacy of CNIs ciclosporin, prolonged-release (PR) tacrolimus, and immediate-release (IR) tacrolimus in adult liver transplant recipients based on randomized and large observational trials published since 2000. Based on the NMA findings, the present study evaluated the cost-utility of PR tacrolimus relative to ciclosporin or IR tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients in the UK.

Review of the Clinical and Economic Burden of Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients.

Unlabelled: Antibody-mediated rejection (AbMR) is a leading cause of late graft loss in kidney transplant recipients, accounting for up to 60% of late graft failures. AbMR manifests as two distinct phenotypes: the first occurs in the immediate post-transplant period in sensitized patients; the second occurs in the late post-transplant period and has been associated with non-adherence to immunosuppression. The present review summarizes the current treatment options for AbMR, its clinical and economic burden, and approaches for reducing the risk of AbMR.

Patient survey to identify reasons for non-adherence and elicitation of quality of life concepts associated with immunosuppressant therapy in kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Renal transplantation (RT) is considered the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease compared to dialysis, offering better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and higher survival rates. However, immunosuppressants are essential for the long-term survival of kidney grafts and patients' non-adherence to their medication leads to poor outcomes. Immunosuppressants can also significantly alter patients' HRQoL because of their side effects and the complex chronic medication regimen they represent.

Cost-Effectiveness of Mirabegron Compared with Antimuscarinic Agents for the Treatment of Adults with Overactive Bladder in the United Kingdom.

Background: Mirabegron, a first-in-class selective oral β3-adrenoceptor agonist, has similar efficacy to most antimuscarinic agents and a lower incidence of dry mouth in patients with overactive bladder (OAB).

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of mirabegron 50 mg compared with oral antimuscarinic agents in adults with OAB from a UK National Health Service perspective.

Methods: A Markov model including health states for symptom severity, treatment status, and adverse events was developed.