Evaluation of male reproductive hormones of Kalahari Red and Kalawad goat bucks as affected by age and season under tropical conditions.

Comprehensive understanding of reproductive hormones and environmental cues with their relationship is essential for efficient production in livestock sectors involving either assisted or natural reproductive methods. This study evaluated the effects of age and seasonal-associated changes in the blood concentrations of testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) of male Kalahari Red (KR) and Kalawad (KW)-crossbred goats. Based on a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial arrangement, a total of 42 bucks (KR n = 21 and KW n = 21) were allotted into three age groups (> 1 ≤ 2 years, > 2 ≤ 3 years and > 3 ≤ 4 years) with seven KR bucks and seven KW bucks each per age group; reared under different seasons (early rainy, late rainy, early dry and late dry).

Oxidative stress in poultry production.

Oxidative stress (OS) is a major concern that impacts the overall health of chickens in modern production systems. It is characterized by an imbalance between antioxidant defence mechanisms and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of oxidative stress in poultry production, with an emphasis on its effects on growth performance, immune responses, and reproductive outcomes.

Non-Mycobacteria Tuberculosis in Africa: A Literature Review.

Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported to cause pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections. These NTMs are often misdiagnosed as MTB due to their similar clinical presentations to tuberculosis, leading to inappropriate treatment and increased morbidity and mortality rates. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of NTM infections in Africa.

Review of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes within the one health framework.

The interdisciplinary One Health (OH) approach recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are all interconnected. Its ultimate goal is to promote optimal health for all through the exploration of these relationships. Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a public health challenge that has been primarily addressed within the context of human health and clinical settings.

Impact of Anemia on The Quality of Life of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Single Institution Experience.

Background: Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been shown to worsen as CKD advances. CKD negatively impacts patients' health-related quality of life. It is therefore necessary to determine the impact of anemia on the quality of life in patients with CKD.

Atorvastatin improves sputum conversion and chest X-ray severity score.

We report the results of a phase IIB study investigating the safety and effectiveness of atorvastatin use with standard anti-TB drugs. In this multicentre, open-labelled study, we recruited treatment-naÏve patients with uncomplicated pulmonary TB aged at least 18 years. Participants were randomly assigned to standard-of-care or standard-of-care plus oral dose of atorvastatin (40 mg) daily for 2 months.

Enterobacteriaceae isolates from clinical and household tap water samples: antibiotic resistance, screening for extended-spectrum, metallo- and ampC-beta-lactamases, and detection of and in Uyo, Nigeria.

Introduction: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and AmpC-β-lactamase (AmpC-βL)-producers are increasing globally. This study identified bacteria in clinical and tap water samples and determined the prevalence of MDR, and β-lactamase enzymes and genes.

Methods: Isolates were identified by the Vitek 2 (bioMérieux, France) automated system.

Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Clinical Correlates in a Rural Community in Southwestern Nigeria.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a burgeoning problem globally, and more than a billion adults were affected as of 2016, with 1.2 million people dying from renal failure in 2017. To arrest the seemingly relentless progression of CKD to renal failure, there is a need to detect CKD early in the community.

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of from mobile phones in Nigeria.

The presence of , a normal human flora on cellphones of different professionals in Ile-Ife was investigated with a view to determining their antibiotic susceptibility profile and nature of resistance and virulence genes. One hundred swab samples were collected aseptically from mobile phones of various users based on their profession. Surfaces of the mobile phones were swabbed and the streak plate method was used to isolate colonies showing characteristic golden yellow on mannitol salt agar plates.

Pulmonary Hypertension and Left Ventricular Geometric Types in Sickle Cell Anemia.

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is multifactorial in origin and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the sickle cell populace. Its correlation with abnormal left ventricular geometric patterns has not been established. Subjects were sickle cell anemic patients of the hematology clinic of a tertiary hospital who gave informed consent.

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among children attending the outpatient clinic of a tertiary health centre in Southwest Nigeria.

Introduction: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health disease. One-third of the world´s population is reportedly infected with the virus. Infections in children are mostly perinatal and therefore acquired early in life, with a propensity to evolve into chronic diseases and their attendant life-threatening complications.

The Prevalence and Pattern of Anaemia in Type 2 Diabetics in Ogbomosho, An Urban Community in Southwestern Nigeria.

Anaemia is a frequent finding in type 2 diabetes, but it is typically seen with established chronic kidney disease and renal insufficiency. Cases, where anaemia predates renal insufficiency, are associated with a worse prognosis for the type 2 diabetes patient and an increased susceptibility to complications. This study aims to determine the prevalence and type of anaemia in persons living with type 2 diabetes without established chronic kidney disease in our environment.

Barriers and recommendations for a cervical cancer screening program among women in low-resource settings in Lagos Nigeria: a qualitative study.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally despite being a largely treatable and preventable malignancy. Developing countries account for over 80% of all new cases. Women residing in low-resource settings such as those residing in slums have a higher risk of cervical cancer, and lower uptake of cervical cancer screening.

Influence of social disadvantage among children admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of a tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.

Background: Social disadvantage has an influence on the health of individuals. In developed countries, the prevalence, pattern of social disadvantage, and the outcome of admissions in socially disadvantaged children are under-studied.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of social disadvantage, pattern of diseases, and illness outcomes among socially disadvantaged children.

Primary Hypertension with Target Organ Damage among Apparently Healthy Secondary School Students in Osogbo, South-Western Nigeria.

Introduction: In recent times, there has been an increase in the frequency of hypertension among young people which is contributing globally to the increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence of primary hypertension and its risk factors among apparently healthy secondary school students in Osogbo, southwestern Nigeria.

Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study of a total of 404 secondary school students in Osogbo city.

Malaria Parasitaemia and its Associated Factors among Febrile Children in a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Malaria is a parasitic disease of public health concern especially among children because of their vulnerability. Objective: The study sought to evaluate the prevalence and severity of malaria and to assess the factors associated with malaria parasitaemia among children.

Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional observation study.

Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices Among Mothers of Infants Less Than Six Months Attending an Immunization Clinic in Southwestern Nigeria.

Background Despite being a cost-effective means of improving the childhood health indices, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remains low in the low middle-income countries. Hence, we evaluated the determinants of EBF among mothers of infants less than six months in Southwestern Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that involved 271 mothers of infants aged less than six months attending the immunization clinic of the Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Hypertension and its Clinical Correlates in a Rural Community in South Western Nigeria.

Background: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular risk factor globally and is a cause of untold morbidity and mortality. However, its clinical correlates at the community level have not been well elucidated.

Methods: History taking, anthropometric measurements, electrocardiograms and laboratory investigations were done for all the study subjects.

Determinants of Outcome among Under-Five Children Hospitalized with Pneumonia at a Tertiary Health Facility in South-West Nigeria.

Background: Pneumonia contributes largely to mortality among children particularly in developing countries. In 2018, about 15% of all deaths in children aged less than 5 years were attributed to pneumonia globally. This study aimed to identify factors at presentation that determine mortality among children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with pneumonia.

Designing a conserved peptide-based subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoinformatics approach.

Unlabelled: The widespread of coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new global health crisis that poses a threat to the world. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in bats and was discovered first in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. Immunoinformatics and bioinformatics tools were employed for the construction of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine to prevent the diseases.

Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea among Adults in a Rural Community in Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common medical condition which has long been recognized as a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed countries but that remains underdiagnosed, particularly in rural communities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of adults who have a high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea in a sample of adults living in Ejigbo, a rural community in south western Nigeria.

Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study done to assess the prevalence of high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea in adult residents of the community using the STOP-BANG questionnaire.

Exploration of surface glycoprotein to design multi-epitope vaccine for the prevention of Covid-19.

Stimulation and generation of T and B cell-mediated long-term immune response are essential for the curbing of a deadly virus such as SAR-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Corona Virus 2). Immunoinformatics approach in vaccine design takes advantage of antigenic and non-allergenic epitopes present on the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 to elicit immune responses. T cells and B cells epitopes were predicted, and the selected residues were subjected to allergenicity, antigenicity and toxicity screening which were linked by appropriate linkers to form a multi-epitope subunit vaccine.

Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in Africa: availability, challenges and implications.

The COVID-19 infection has been a matter of urgency to tackle around the world today, there exist 200 countries around the world and 54 countries in Africa that the COVID-19 infection cases have been confirmed. This situation prompted us to look into the challenges African laboratories are facing in the diagnosis of novel COVID-19 infection. A limited supply of essential laboratory equipment and test kits are some of the challenges faced in combatting the novel virus in Africa.

Atopy in HIV-infected children attending the pediatric antiretroviral clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo.

Background: Atopy is poorly researched in HIV children living in the developing countries. There is no previous report on this subject in Nigeria and this pioneering study is undertaken to create an awareness of the burden of this disease among health practitioners.

Aims: The aim of this study was to document the atopic diseases present among HIV-infected children attending the antiretroviral (ARV) clinic of a Nigerian tertiary hospital.