Bail Out Procedures in Acute Cholecystitis: Risk Factors and Optimal Approach.

Background: For difficult cholecystectomies, bail out procedures (BOP) are performed to mitigate risk of patient harm.

Objective: This study sought to identify risk factors for BOP for acute cholecystitis and to compare outcomes by type of BOP performed. Patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent cholecystectomy were included (2020-2022).

Bile Duct Injuries During Urgent Cholecystectomy at a Safety Net Teaching Hospital: Attending Experience and Time of Day May Matter.

Bile duct injury (BDI) is one of the most severe complications during cholecystectomy. Early identification of risk factors for BDI may permit risk reduction strategies and inform patient consent. This study aimed to define patient, provider, and systemic factors associated with BDI; BDI incidence; and short-term outcomes of BDI after urgent cholecystectomy.

Obstructive sleep apnea as a presentation of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.

Unlabelled: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome is a rare disorder due to a mutation in the gene, characterized by a failure in autonomic control of breathing with diminished or absent response to hypoxia and hypercapnia, which is most pronounced during sleep. Most patients present from birth with central apneas and hypoventilation, or later in the setting of a physiologic stress. Recent literature in mice with a mutation suggests a predisposition to obstructive apneas likely due to hypoglossal dysgenesis.