Association of Retinal Thickness at Month 1 Postrandomization With Later Thickness and Visual Acuity in Central Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate the association of retinal thickness 1 month after the first study aflibercept or bevacizumab injection with later retinal thickness, visual acuity, and number of treatments in eyes enrolled in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2.

Design: Cohort study using data from a randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Analysis included one eye from each of 350 participants through 2 years of follow-up.

Discontinuation of medication treatment for opioid use disorder after a successful course: The discontinuation phase of the CTN-0100 (RDD) trial.

Introduction And Background: Buprenorphine, and extended-release naltrexone, are effective in decreasing opioid use, morbidity and mortality. The available evidence suggests that these medications should be used for long term treatment; however, patients often ask how long they need to be on medication, and whether it would be safe to discontinue. There are sparse data to guide us.

Month 60 Imaging Findings and Relationship to Treatment Outcomes Following Anti-VEGF Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Central or Hemi-Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate imaging findings from SCORE2 participants through 60 months, to describe the degree of resolution or progression of these variables, and to correlate changes in these imaging findings to treatment outcomes such as visual acuity and the number of treatments administered.

Methods: SCORE2 participants were followed for up to 60 months. Visual acuity, injection frequency and imaging tests color fundus photography (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography [UWFA]) were performed throughout this period.

OCT Grading System of Macular Infarction Predicts Vision in Participants With Central Retinal or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion: A Secondary Analysis of SCORE2.

Purpose: To determine whether macular infarction measured as hyper-reflectivity of the middle and inner retinal layers predicts long-term visual acuity outcomes in participants with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemi-retinal vein occlusion (HRVO).

Design: Clinical cohort study using post hoc secondary analysis of phase 3 clinical trial data.

Methods: This post hoc secondary analysis of the phase 3 Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusions 2 (SCORE2) clinical trial included 310 of the 362 participants with macular edema secondary to CRVO/HRVO who were randomized to injections of aflibercept or bevacizumab.

High Variation in Inner Retinal Reflectivity Predicts Poor Visual Outcome in Patients With Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: SCORE2 Report 21.

Purpose: To assess the association of a novel spectral domain optical coherence tomography biomarker with 6-month visual acuity in in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2.

Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography volume scans were evaluated for inner retinal hyperreflectivity, quantified by optical intensity ratio (OIR) and OIR variation. Baseline visual acuity letter score (VALS), baseline OCT biomarkers, and month 1 OIR were correlated with VALS at month 6.

SCORE2 Report 24: Nonlinear Relationship of Retinal Thickness and Visual Acuity in Central Retinal and Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate whether a nonlinear association between central subfield thickness (CST) on spectral-domain OCT and concurrent visual acuity letter score (VALS) exists in eyes treated initially with aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2).

Design: Long-term follow-up after a randomized clinical trial from 64 centers in the United States.

Participants: Participants were followed up to 60 months and treated at investigator discretion after completing the 12-month treatment protocol.

Cost-Utility Comparison of Bevacizumab and Aflibercept in the Treatment of Central or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion in the SCORE2 Trial.

Importance: Retinal vein occlusion is the second most common retinal vascular disease. Bevacizumab was demonstrated in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) to be noninferior to aflibercept with respect to visual acuity in study participants with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) following 6 months of therapy. In this study, the cost-utility of bevacizumab vs aflibercept for treatment of CRVO is evaluated.

Visit Adherence and Visual Acuity in Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2).

Purpose: We quantify the association between visit adherence and visual acuity (VA) in retinal vein occlusions (CRVO).

Methods: The SCORE2 protocol included a visit every 4 weeks (every 28-35 days) during the first year. Visit adherence was measured as follows: number of missed visits, average and longest (avg and max days) visit interval, and average and longest (avg and max missed days) and unintended visit interval.

SCORE2 Report 20: Relationship of Treatment Discontinuation With Visual Acuity and Central Subfield Thickness Outcomes.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment discontinuation with baseline factors and outcomes in eyes treated initially with aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema from central or hemiretinal vein occlusion.

Design: Long-term follow-up after a randomized clinical trial from 64 US centers.

Methods: Analysis included 150 SCORE2 Month 60 completers classified into 3 groups: discontinued treatment early, treated intermittently, and treated continuously.

Relative Effectiveness of Social Media, Dating Apps, and Information Search Sites in Promoting HIV Self-testing: Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Social media sites, dating apps, and information search sites have been used to reach individuals at high risk for HIV infection. However, it is not clear which platform is the most efficient in promoting home HIV self-testing, given that the users of various platforms may have different characteristics that impact their readiness for HIV testing.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the relative effectiveness of social media sites, dating apps, and information search sites in promoting HIV self-testing among minority men who have sex with men (MSM) at an increased risk of HIV infection.

Month 60 Outcomes After Treatment Initiation With Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate 5-year outcomes in eyes initially treated with aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema due to central retinal or hemiretinal vein occlusion.

Methods: Long-term follow-up (LTF) after a randomized clinical trial from 64 centers in the United States. Participants were followed up to 60 months and treated at investigator discretion after completing the 12-month treatment protocol.

Development of the Clinical Gestalt Assessment: a visual clinical global impression scale for Proteus syndrome.

Background: Clinical outcome assessments are important tools for measuring the natural history of disease and efficacy of an intervention. The heterogenous phenotype and difficult to quantity features of Proteus syndrome present challenges to measuring clinical outcomes. To address these, we designed a global clinical assessment for Proteus syndrome, a rare mosaic overgrowth disorder.

Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes After Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Macular Edema in Participants With Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion Compared With Participants With Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) Report 18.

Importance: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections are commonly used to treat eyes with macular edema secondary to hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) or central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Information on whether differences exist in outcomes after anti-VEGF therapy can help guide treatment for each of the different disease types.

Objective: To compare baseline characteristics, treatment burden, and outcomes of macular edema treatment in participants with HRVO with those of participants with CRVO.

HIV clinic-based extended-release naltrexone versus treatment as usual for people with HIV and opioid use disorder: a non-blinded, randomized non-inferiority trial.

Background And Aim: Opioid agonist medications for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) can improve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outcomes and reduce opioid use. We tested whether outpatient antagonist treatment with naltrexone could achieve similar results.

Design: Open-label, non-inferiority randomized trial.

SCORE2 Report 17: Macular thickness fluctuations in anti-VEGF-treated patients with central or hemiretinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate macular thickness fluctuations and their association with visual acuity outcome in eyes with macular edema (ME) secondary to central (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) treated initially with intravitreal aflibercept or bevacizumab.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of 362 patients with ME secondary to CRVO or HRVO initially randomized to six monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept or bevacizumab. Three spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) central subfield thickness (CST) fluctuation measures were investigated over Months 1-12: standard deviation (SD), number of turning points (T) for each participant, and a measure denoted as Zigzag reflecting the magnitude of alternating ups and downs in a participant's CST.

Intraocular Pressure-Related Events After Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion: SCORE2 Report 16 on a Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections are used to treat a variety of posterior segment conditions, including some associated with glaucoma, such as macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Therefore, information regarding intraocular pressure (IOP)-related events associated with anti-VEGF therapies is important to help balance the risks and benefits over the course of therapy.

Objective: To investigate IOP-related events among participants in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2).

Cluster Analysis and Genotype-Phenotype Assessment of Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Report 25.

Purpose: To explore whether phenotypes in geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration can be separated into 2 or more partially distinct subtypes and if these have different genetic associations. This is important because distinct GA subtypes associated with different genetic factors might require customized therapeutic approaches.

Design: Cluster analysis of participants within a controlled clinical trial, followed by assessment of phenotype-genotype associations.

Ellipsoid Zone Defects in Retinal Vein Occlusion Correlates With Visual Acuity Prognosis: SCORE2 Report 14.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between ellipsoid zone (EZ) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and visual acuity letter score (VALS) in participants with retinal vein occlusion in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2.

Methods: SD-OCT scans of 362 participants were qualitatively assessed at baseline and months 1, 6, 12, and 24 for EZ status as normal, patchy, or absent. The thickness of EZ layer in the central subfield was also obtained using machine learning.

Association between early and late response in eyes with central or hemiretinal vein occlusion treated with anti-VEGF agents : SCORE2 report 12: secondary analysis of the SCORE2 clinical trial.

Purpose: To assess whether early visual acuity letter score change from baseline (ΔVALS) and early spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measures of center point thickness (CPT) are associated with later ΔVALS in eyes with macular edema due to central or hemiretinal vein occlusion treated with intravitreal aflibercept or bevacizumab.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of 362 participants.

Results: Considered separately at month 3, CPT (categorized as ≤ 300 μm, > 300 μm) and ΔVALS (categorized as < 5, 5-9, ≥ 10) are predictive of ΔVALS at month 6 (aflibercept: P = 0.

Spectral Domain OCT Predictors of Visual Acuity in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2: SCORE 2 Report 15.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between baseline demographic and spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) features with visual acuity (VA) in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) over 2 years.

Design: Post hoc analysis of prospective clinical trial data.

Participants: A total of 362 SCORE2 participants with macular edema secondary to central retinal (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO).

Comparing Web-Based Platforms for Promoting HIV Self-Testing and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake in High-Risk Men Who Have Sex With Men: Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: The majority of those living with HIV in the United States are men who have sex with men (MSM), and young, minority MSM account for more new HIV infections than any other group. HIV transmission can be reduced through detection and early treatment initiation or by starting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but rates of testing are lower than recommended among MSM, and PrEP uptake has been slow. Although promoting HIV testing and PrEP uptake by placing advertisements on web-based platforms - such as social media websites and dating apps - is a promising approach for promoting HIV testing and PrEP, the relative effectiveness of HIV prevention advertising on common web-based platforms is underexamined.

Prevalence of obesity among U.S. population with substance dependence.

Aim: To investigate associations between substance dependence and obesity.

Methods: Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m) status and the status of dependence on heroin, stimulant, marijuana, nicotine and alcohol (past-month status for nicotine and past-year status for all others) were identified from the U.S.