Evaluating the Association Between Vastus Medialis Oblique Characteristics and Patellar Instability: A Comprehensive Case-Control Study.

Background: The contribution of vastus medialis oblique muscle (VMO) weakness or dysfunction to patellofemoral pain syndrome is well recognized, yet its role in lateral patellar instability and recurrent patellar dislocations remains unclear. This study investigates the association between VMO characteristics and patellar instability.

Hypothesis: Altered VMO structure, characterized by differences in muscle elevation and cross-sectional area (CSA), is associated with patellar instability.

Fusion's Location and Quality within the Fixated Segment Following Transforaminal Interbody Fusion (TLIF).

Transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) has gained increased popularity over recent decades and is being employed as an established surgical treatment for several lumbar spine pathologies, including degenerative spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, infection, tumor and some cases of recurrent disc herniation. Despite the seemingly acceptable fusion rates after TLIF (up to 94%), the literature is still limited regarding the specific location and quality of fusion inside the fixated segment. In this single-institution, retrospective population-based study, we evaluated all post-operative computed tomography (CT) of patients who underwent TLIF surgery at a medium-sized medical center between 2010 and 2020.

Traumatic Posterior Atlantoaxial Dislocation With an Associated Fracture: A Systematic Review.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objective: To investigate the clinical presentation, mechanism of injury, patients' characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of traumatic posterior atlantoaxial dislocation with fracture (TPAD).

Background: TPAD is an extremely rare entity, with a limited number of cases reported in the literature.

Scoliosis in osteogenesis imperfecta: results of posterior spinal fusion in 39 patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of scoliosis corrective surgery in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) patients with primarily pedicles screw fixation in terms of correcting and maintaining the correction of the spinal deformity, and to assess for several peri-operative parameters and complications associated with this surgical treatment.

Methods: Retrospective case series of 39 consecutive patients with OI treated surgically for scoliosis. The surgeries were performed between 2002 and 2020 by three different surgeons.

A Novel Classification for Diabetic Foot Ulcers of the First Ray.

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers of the first ray result from several distinct biomechanical mechanisms related to anatomical deformities, which must be addressed if surgical offloading is contemplated. The objective of this study was to create a classification of the anatomical deformities of first-ray ulcers that could lead to better standardization of treatment and reporting.

Methods: The authors performed a file review of patients with diabetic neuropathy diagnosed with first-ray ulcers over a period of 3 years in an outpatient setting.

Excessive Sagittal Slope of the Tibia Component during Kinematic Alignment-Safety and Functionality at a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

The aim of this study was to assess the safety and functional outcomes of excessive sagittal alignment in the unrestricted kinematic alignment technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A retrospective, single-center study was conducted between 2018 and 2020, including patients undergoing primary TKA with a minimum 2-year follow-up. EOS imaging conducted before and after surgery was reviewed for overall alignment, and a number of measurements were taken, including sagittal tibial slope and other tibia and femur component positioning.

Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis of Cells from Degenerating and Non-Degenerating Intervertebral Discs from the Same Individual Reveals New Biomarkers for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

In this study, we used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to identify new specific biomarkers for nucleus pulposus (NP) and inner annulus fibrosis (iAF) cells, and to define cell populations within non-degenerating (nD) and degenerating (D) human intervertebral discs (IVD) of the same individual. Cluster analysis based on differential gene expression delineated 14 cell clusters. Gene expression profiles at single-cell resolution revealed the potential functional differences linked to degeneration, and among NP and iAF subpopulations.

Sacral stress fractures in athletes.

Purpose: Fatigue stress fractures are a common overuse injury, frequently associated with high load-bearing endurance activities such as running, military training and aerobic exercise. While these fractures can arise at any site, sacral stress fractures are poorly studied with evidence consisting mainly of case reports and limited case series. This review aims to analyze and summarize all reports published to date describing cases of sacral stress fracture in athletes.

Association between lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and spinal pathologies based on T2 whole-spine sagittal magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To assess the association between 4, 5, or 6 lumbar spine vertebrae and the presence of lumbar spinal pathologies.

Methods: We reviewed all MRI reports and images performed between August 1st, 2018 and July 31st, 2019. Lumbar spine pathologies such as disc herniation, lytic spondylolisthesis, and spinal stenosis were recorded.

Toll-like receptor 2 induced senescence in intervertebral disc cells of patients with back pain can be attenuated by o-vanillin.

Background: There is an increased level of senescent cells and toll-like teceptor-1, -2, -4, and -6 (TLR) expression in degenerating intervertebral discs (IVDs) from back pain patients. However, it is currently not known if the increase in expression of TLRs is related to the senescent cells or if it is a more general increase on all cells. It is also not known if TLR activation in IVD cells will induce cell senescence.

Evaluation of an Ultrasound-Based Navigation System for Spine Neurosurgery: A Porcine Cadaver Study.

Background: With the growing incidence of patients receiving surgical treatment for spinal metastatic tumours, there is a need for developing cost-efficient and radiation-free alternatives for spinal interventions. In this paper, we evaluate the capabilities and limitations of an image-guided neurosurgery (IGNS) system that uses intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) imaging for guidance.

Methods: Using a lumbosacral section of a porcine cadaver, we explored the impact of CT image resolution, ultrasound depth and ultrasound frequency on system accuracy, robustness and effectiveness.

Publication rate of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves (Spine Summit).

Methods: The authors used a search algorithm in PubMed to determine the publication rate of abstracts presented at the Spine Summit from 2007 to 2012. The variables assessed were presentation modality, topic, meeting year, publication year, destiny journal and its 5-year impact factor (IF), country, and citation count (retrieved from the Scopus database).

Senotherapeutic drugs for human intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain.

Cellular senescence is a contributor to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and low back pain. Here, we found that RG-7112, a potent mouse double-minute two protein inhibitor, selectively kills senescent IVD cells through apoptosis. Gene expression pathway analysis was used to compare the functional networks of genes affected by RG-7112, a pure synthetic senolytic with o-Vanillin a natural and anti-inflammatory senolytic.

Routine sagittal whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging in finding incidental spine lesions.

Purpose: To examine the efficacy and feasibility of T2-weighted whole-spine sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening for all patients who undergo MRI of the lumbar spine for any indication.

Methods: A review of 1145 consecutive T2-weighted whole-spine sagittal MRI screening sequences performed for lumbar spine imaging was undertaken for the purposes of documenting the incidence and clinical significance of thoracic and cervical spine incidental findings, as well as to establish correlation between these pathologies and those found in the lumbar spine.

Results: Out of the 1145 patients included in the study, 103 (9%) patients had incidental findings thought to be significant.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evaluating perioperative back pain through a simultaneous morphological and biomechanical approach.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been associated with diminished postural stability and a greater prevalence of back pain. Currently, the literature is lacking information on the effect of spinal fusion on both postural stability and its association with back pain. Our objectives were to evaluate the postsurgical effect of spinal morphological changes on static standing balance and assess the influence of these alterations on reported pain throughout the perioperative period.

Management of common elective paediatric orthopaedic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Montreal experience.

Purpose: To explore safe delays for the treatment of common paediatric orthopaedic conditions when faced with a life-threatening pandemic, COVID-19, and to propose a categorization system to address this question.

Methods: Review of the literature related to acceptable delays for treatment of common orthopaedic conditions, experience of healthcare professionals from low resource communities and expertise of experienced surgeons.

Results: Guidelines for the management of cancellations of elective surgeries during a period of resource reallocation are proposed.

Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF): An Update.

Unlabelled: Degenerative lumbar spine disease (DLSD) is a heterogenous group of conditions that can significantly affect patients' quality of life. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is one of the treatment modalities for DLSD that has been increasing in popularity over the past decade. The treatment of DLSD should be individualized based on patients' symptoms and characteristics to maximize outcomes.

A novel growing rod technique to treat early-onset scoliosis (EOS): a step-by-step 2D surgical video.

Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) correction techniques have evolved slowly over the past 40 years and still remain a challenge for the spine surgeon. Avoiding spinal fusion in these patients is key to decreasing morbidity and mortality in this population. Current treatments for EOS include both conservative and surgical options.

Assessing publication rate of abstracts presented in spine conferences as a quality benchmark: the example of the Canadian Spine Society Annual Meetings.

Introduction: Publication rate can indirectly assess the quality of research presented in scientific meetings. Considering presentations at orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery meetings, 10.5-66% of abstracts are published in scientific journals.

Mid-term follow-up after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in obese adolescents.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is gaining credibility as a simple and efficient bariatric procedure with low surgical risk. Since surgical treatment for morbid obesity is relatively rare in adolescents, few results have bten accumulated so far.

Objectives: To prove the safety and efficacy of LSG turgery in an adolescent population

Methods: Data were prospectively collected regarding adolescent patients undergoing LSG.