A phase III study comparing preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion with preserved latanoprost in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Background/objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) versus preserved latanoprost in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT).

Methods: A Phase III non-inferiority study randomised patients with OAG/OHT 1:1 to receive preservative-free latanoprost eye drop emulsion or preserved latanoprost. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in peak (9:00 A.

Safety and Longevity of Intraocular Pressure Control After Bimatoprost Implant Administration: Interim Analysis of a Phase 3b Clinical Trial (TRITON).

Background: Bimatoprost implant 10 µg is an intracameral, biodegradable implant that slowly releases bimatoprost to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). This study was designed to evaluate safety and the duration of the IOP-lowering effect after single and as-needed repeat administration of the bimatoprost implant in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).

Patients And Methods: This study is an interim analysis of an ongoing, prospective, open-label, multicenter study in patients with OAG or OHT who are inadequately managed with topical IOP-lowering medication for reasons other than efficacy.

Italian XEN-Glaucoma Treatment Registry (XEN-GTR): Effectiveness and Safety at 36 Months of XEN45 Implant.

: We evaluated the 3-year effectiveness and safety of XEN45, combined or not with phacoemulsification, in patients from the Italian XEN-Glaucoma Treatment Registry. : Data from glaucoma patients who underwent XEN45 alone or combined with phacoemulsification were analyzed. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of ocular hypotensive medications (OHMs) were tested with repeated measures ANOVA in last observation carried forward (LOCF) and per-protocol (PP) analyses.

Dysfunction and Morphological Involvement of Inner Macular Layers in Glaucoma.

This study aimed to study the inner retina functional and morphological impairment of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from specific macular rings and sectors to identify whether selective macular regions were more vulnerable than others within the 20 central degrees in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). In total, 21 OAG patients [mean age 50.19 ± 7.

The impact of different forms of exercise on intraocular pressure, blood flow, and the risk for primary open angle glaucoma.

Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic disease characterized by progressive optic nerve damage and irreversible loss of vision, often diagnosed at late stages. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major risk factor for its onset and progression while older age, myopia, genetic factors, blood pressure (BP), and reduced ocular blood flow (OBF) have also been linked to the disease. Different forms of exercise are known to have significant, but variable, effects on IOP, BP, ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), OBF and oxygen metabolism, and ultimately the risk for development and progression of POAG.

The Delayed Turnover of Proteasome Processing of Myocilin upon Dexamethasone Stimulation Introduces the Profiling of Trabecular Meshwork Cells' Ubiquitylome.

Glaucoma is chronic optic neuropathy whose pathogenesis has been associated with the altered metabolism of Trabecular Meshwork Cells, which is a cell type involved in the synthesis and remodeling of the trabecular meshwork, the main drainage pathway of the aqueous humor. Starting from previous findings supporting altered ubiquitin signaling, in this study, we investigated the ubiquitin-mediated turnover of myocilin (MYOC/TIGR gene), which is a glycoprotein with a recognized role in glaucoma pathogenesis, in a human Trabecular Meshwork strain cultivated in vitro in the presence of dexamethasone. This is a validated experimental model of steroid-induced glaucoma, and myocilin upregulation by glucocorticoids is a phenotypic marker of Trabecular Meshwork strains.

Diagnostic Capability of OCTA-Derived Macular Biomarkers for Early to Moderate Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

: To investigate macular vascular biomarkers for the detection of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). : A total of 56 POAG patients and 94 non-glaucomatous controls underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) assessment of macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial (SCP), and deep (DCP) capillary plexus, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, VD, choriocapillaris and outer retina flow area. POAG patients were classified for severity based on the Glaucoma Staging System 2 of Brusini.

24-Hour Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Tolerability of Preservative-Free Tafluprost-Timolol Fixed Combination in Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertensive Patients Previously Treated with Preserved Latanoprost.

Purpose: The effectiveness, safety and tolerability of the preservative-free fixed combination of tafluprost and timolol (PF-TTFC) were evaluated over the 24-h in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension showing signs and symptoms of Ocular Surface Disease (OSD) and uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) on prior benzalkonium chloride (BAK) - Latanoprost monotherapy.

Methods: In this multi-center, prospective, interventional, non-comparative clinical trial, patients treated with BAK-Latanoprost underwent 24-h IOP measurements (8 am, 11 am, 2 pm, 5 pm, 8 pm, 11 pm, 2 am, 5 am) at baseline and after 3 months from switch to PF-TTFC. Mean 24-h IOP and daytime (8 am-8 pm) vs nighttime (11 pm - 5 am) IOP were compared.

Preservative-Free Bimatoprost 0.01% Ophthalmic Gel for Glaucoma Therapy: A Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial.

Prcis: Noninferiority of efficacy was demonstrated for a preservative-free bimatoprost 0.01% compared with BAK-containing bimatoprost 0.01% following a 12-week treatment period in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

The Eye as the Window to the Heart: Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Biomarkers as Indicators of Cardiovascular Disease.

Alterations in microvasculature represent some of the earliest pathological processes across a wide variety of human diseases. In many organs, however, inaccessibility and difficulty in directly imaging tissues prevent the assessment of microvascular changes, thereby significantly limiting their translation into improved patient care. The eye provides a unique solution by allowing for the non-invasive and direct visualization and quantification of many aspects of the human microvasculature, including biomarkers for structure, function, hemodynamics, and metabolism.

Comparison Between 24-2 ZEST and 24-2 ZEST FAST Strategies in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Using a Fundus Perimeter.

Prcis: Using a Compass (CMP) (CMP, Centervue, Padova, Italy) fundus perimeter, Zippy Estimation by Sequential Testing (ZEST) FAST strategy showed a significant reduction in examination time compared with ZEST, with good agreement in the quantification of perimetric damage.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the test duration of ZEST strategy with ZEST FAST and to evaluate the test-retest variability of ZEST FAST strategy on patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Patients And Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study.

European Glaucoma Society - A guide on surgical innovation for glaucoma.

PROLOGUE:

Managing the ocular surface after glaucoma filtration surgery: an orphan topic.

Background: Ocular surface (OS) disorders before glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) have been considered to play a crucial role influencing the surgical outcome. Conversely, the impact of surgery itself on the OS is almost completely overlooked, though evidence suggest that ocular surface disease (OSD) may be induced in patients by GFS. This review analyzes the determinants involved in the OSD development after GFS, the clinical features and related consequences, the main diagnostic hallmarks, as well as the therapeutic strategies for its management.

Spatial Summation in the Glaucomatous Macula: A Link With Retinal Ganglion Cell Damage.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test whether functional loss in the glaucomatous macula is characterized by an enlargement of Ricco's area (RA) through the application of a computational model linking retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage to perimetric sensitivity.

Methods: One eye from each of 29 visually healthy subjects <40 years old, 30 patients with glaucoma, and 20 age-similar controls was tested with a 10-2 grid with stimuli of 5 different area sizes. Structural estimates of point-wise RGC density were obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans.

Ubiquitin proteasome system and glaucoma: A survey of genetics and molecular biology studies supporting a link with pathogenic and therapeutic relevance.

Glaucoma represents a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons with subsequent visual field impairment. The disease develops through largely uncharacterized molecular mechanisms, that are likely to occur in different localized cell types, either in the anterior (e.g.

Ocular blood flow biomarkers may predict long-term glaucoma progression.

Background/aim: To examine the relationship between baseline blood flow biomarkers and long-term open-angle glaucoma (OAG) progression.

Methods: 112 patients with early to moderate OAG (mean age 64.9±11.

Regional Vessel Density Reduction in the Macula and Optic Nerve Head of Patients With Pre-Perimetric Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

Prcis: Capillary and neuronal tissue loss occur both globally and with regional specificity in pre-perimetric glaucoma patients at the level of the optic nerve and macula, with perifovea regions affected earlier than parafovea areas.

Purpose: To investigate optic nerve head (ONH) and macular vessel densities (VD) and structural parameters assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography in pre-perimetric open angle glaucoma (ppOAG) patients and healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: In all, 113 healthy and 79 ppOAG patients underwent global and regional (hemispheric/quadrants) assessments of retinal, ONH, and macular vascularity and structure, including ONH parameters, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness.

A deep learning approach to investigate the filtration bleb functionality after glaucoma surgery: a preliminary study.

Purpose: To distinguish functioning from failed filtration blebs (FBs) implementing a deep learning (DL) model on slit-lamp images.

Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study for development and validation of an artificial intelligence classification algorithm. The dataset consisted of 119 post-trabeculectomy FB images of whom we were aware of the surgical outcome.

Effectiveness and safety of XEN45 implant over 12 months of follow-up: data from the XEN-Glaucoma Treatment Registry.

Objectives: To evaluate the 1-year effectiveness and safety of the XEN45, either alone or in combination with phacoemulsification, in glaucoma patients.

Methods: This multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive eyes of glaucoma patients from the Italian XEN-Glaucoma Treatment Registry (XEN-GTR) who underwent XEN45 alone or in combination with phacoemulsification, with at least 1 year of follow-up. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) < 18 mmHg and ≥20% reduction from preoperative IOP, over 1 year of follow-up.

How latanoprost changed glaucoma management.

Glaucoma is currently considered one of the leading causes of severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Topical medical therapy represents the treatment of choice for many glaucoma patients. Introduction of latanoprost, 25 years ago, with an entirely new mechanism of action from that of the antiglaucoma drugs used up to that time was a very important milestone.

Heterogeneity of Ocular Hemodynamic Biomarkers among Open Angle Glaucoma Patients of African and European Descent.

This study investigated the heterogeneity of ocular hemodynamic biomarkers in early open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients and healthy controls of African (AD) and European descent (ED). Sixty OAG patients (38 ED, 22 AD) and 65 healthy controls (47 ED, 18 AD) participated in a prospective, cross-sectional study assessing: intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), visual field (VF) and vascular densities (VD) via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Comparisons between outcomes were adjusted for age, diabetes status and BP.