Immediate or delayed trial without catheter in acute urinary retention in males: A systematic review.

Objective: To compare the success of establishing spontaneous micturition following immediate trial without catheter (TWOC) to delayed TWOC in males catheterized for acute urinary retention.

Materials And Methods: In this systematic review, we included studies reporting success rates of immediate TWOC or delayed TWOC (≤30 days) among males ≥18 years of age catheterized for acute urinary retention. We excluded studies on suprapubic catheterization, postoperative/perioperative catheterization and urinary retention related to trauma.

Drugs in blood and urine samples from victims of suspected exposure to drink spiking: A prospective observational study from Oslo, Norway.

Objective: People regularly contact emergency medicine services concerned that they have been exposed to drink spiking, i.e., exposure to drugs without their knowledge or permission.

Perinatal mortality among pregnant undocumented migrants in Norway 1999-2020: A register-based population study.

Background: Irregular legal status is a recognized health risk factor in the context of migration. However, undocumented migrants are rarely included in health surveys and register studies. Adverse perinatal outcomes are especially important because they have long-term consequences and societal risk factors are modifiable.

Intranasal analgesia for acute moderate to severe pain in children - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Children in acute pain often receive inadequate pain relief, partly from difficulties administering injectable analgesics. A rapid-acting, intranasal (IN) analgesic may be an alternative to other parenteral routes of administration. Our review compares the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of intranasal analgesia to intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration; and to compare different intranasal agents.

Use of emergency primary care among pregnant undocumented migrants over ten years: an observational study from Oslo, Norway.

Objective: To compare consultations with pregnant undocumented migrants at emergency primary health care to consultations with pregnant residents of Norway.

Design: A cross-sectional study of consultations at several time points.

Setting: The study was conducted at the Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic (OAEOC), the main emergency primary care service in Oslo, Norway.

European standards for undergraduate medical education in general practice; a blueprint - for action.

There is compelling evidence that general practice (GP) is the most effective form of healthcare. However, healthcare policy appears independent of evidence and GP is woefully under-resourced in all countries, and this affects recruitment. Recruitment to GP is proportional to the quantity and quality of undergraduate experience and national and transnational guidelines can improve undergraduate experiences by defining both the desired quantity and quality.

Sexually transmitted infections among patients attending a sexual assault centre: a cohort study from Oslo, Norway.

Objectives: We estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (STI) among patients after sexual assault, assess the possible value of azithromycin prophylaxis, and identify risk factors for assault-related STI and for not presenting at follow-up.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Sexual assault centre in Oslo, Norway.

Novel psychoactive substances-related presentations to the emergency departments of the European drug emergencies network plus (Euro-DEN plus) over the six-year period 2014-2019.

Introduction: Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have been increasingly reported in the last 15-20 years. We aimed to describe presentations to the emergency department (ED) with acute recreational drug toxicity involving NPS.

Methods: Data were extracted from the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) Plus database for all presentations to ED (36 EDs in 24 European countries) with acute toxicity between January 2014 and December 2019.

Early clinical exposure in undergraduate medical education: A questionnaire survey of 30 European countries.

Purpose: Fifteen years ago, a European survey demonstrated widespread adoption of early clinical exposure (ECE) programmes but little emphasis in the curricula of medical schools. We now repeat the survey in light of the ample emerging data suggesting multiple positive outcomes of ECE.

Methods: Online cross-sectional survey in European medical schools conducted by the EURACT Basic Medical Education Committee in 2021.

Use of non-governmental maternity services and pregnancy outcomes among undocumented women: a cohort study from Norway.

Background: In 2011 Norway granted undocumented women the right to antenatal care and to give birth at a hospital but did not include them in the general practitioner and reimbursement schemes. As a response to limited access to health care, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) have been running health clinics for undocumented migrants in Norway's two largest cities. To further facilitate universal health coverage, there is a need to investigate how pregnant undocumented women use NGO clinics and how this affects their maternal health.

Cost-effectiveness of a rule-out algorithm of acute myocardial infarction in low-risk patients: emergency primary care versus hospital setting.

Aims: Hospital admissions of patients with chest pain considered as low risk for acute coronary syndrome contribute to increased costs and crowding in the emergency departments. This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of assessing these patients in a primary care emergency setting, using the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1-h algorithm for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, compared to routine hospital management.

Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted.

Poisoning with central stimulant drugs: an observational study from Oslo, Norway.

Background: The use of central stimulant drugs causes significant morbidity. We describe poisonings with central stimulant drugs and compare the different central stimulants concerning combinations with other drugs, treatment, and clinical course.  METHODS: Patients presenting from 1 October 2013 to 31 March 2016 with poisoning related to the recreational use of central stimulant drugs were retrospectively included at a primary care emergency outpatient clinic and at a hospital emergency department in Oslo, Norway.

Unspecified opioids among opioid overdoses in Oslo, Norway.

Objective: Since 2017, an increasing number of opioid overdoses in Oslo, Norway, has been categorized as involving unspecified opioids, as noted in the patient records by the doctor treating the patient. In this study we compare the characteristics of overdoses involving unspecified opioids, long-acting opioids, and heroin. Data on patients presenting with opioid overdose was retrospectively collected from 1 October 2013 to 31 December 2019 at the Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic.

Treating patients with opioid overdose at a primary care emergency outpatient clinic: a cost-minimization analysis.

Background: Treating patients with acute poisoning by substances of abuse in a primary care emergency clinic has previously been shown to be a safe strategy. We conducted an economic evaluation of this strategy compared to hospital treatment, which is the usual strategy.

Methods: Assuming equal health outcomes, we conducted a cost-minimization analysis.

Treatment for acute bronchiolitis before and after implementation of new national guidelines: a retrospective observational study from primary and secondary care in Oslo, Norway.

Background: Acute bronchiolitis treatment guidelines changed in Norway in 2013, no longer recommending the use of nebulised epinephrine. We aimed to assess whether these changes were successfully implemented in both primary and secondary care. Secondary aims were to compare the difference in management of acute bronchiolitis patients in primary and secondary care between 2009 and 2017.

Poisonings by substances of abuse at the Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic 2014-18.

Background: Poisonings by substances of abuse are potentially dangerous and indicate risky substance use behaviour. To be prepared to handle patients with poisonings by substances of abuse, we need updated knowledge about the kinds of substances we can be expected to encounter. Most substance use-related poisonings in Oslo are treated at the OAEOC, and we describe the poisonings observed there in the period 2014-2018.