Vacuolated Parabasal Cells in Papanicolaou Smears Are Cellular Changes Caused by Human Papillomavirus 16 Infection.

In cervical cancer screening, cytology is used as a triage test to refer high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-positive women for colposcopy, but its accuracy is inadequate. The present study aimed to demonstrate that the presence of atypical cells with large vacuoles in the cytoplasm of parabasal cells, referred to as vacuolated parabasal cells (VPCs), which are observed in the Pap smears of HPV-positive women, is associated with specific HPV genotypes. Among 2175 patients, 310 with a single HR-HPV infection and cytological diagnosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or atypical squamous cells not excluding HSIL (ASC-H) were included, of which 86 were infected with HPV16.

Comparison of genetic mutations of gastric cancer diagnosed before or after H. pylori eradication and between differentiated and undifferentiated types using next-generation sequencing.

Introduction: Genetic abnormalities specific to post-H. pylori eradication gastric cancer (GC), especially those associated with undifferentiated post-eradication GC, are unknown. We conducted next-generation sequencing of GC diagnosed either before or after eradication to investigate the carcinogenesis of post-eradication GC.

Malignant brain tumor in early pregnancy mistaken for hyperemesis gravidarum.

Objectives: The main objective of this case report is to discuss the differentiation between hyperemesis gravidarum and a brain tumor in the presence of hyperemesis symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Case Report: A patient was initially diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum in early pregnancy and was hospitalized. After hospitalization, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral hernia due to convulsions occurred.

The importance of clinical experience in AI-assisted corneal diagnosis: verification using intentional AI misleading.

We developed an AI system capable of automatically classifying anterior eye images as either normal or indicative of corneal diseases. This study aims to investigate the influence of AI's misleading guidance on ophthalmologists' responses. This cross-sectional study included 30 cases each of infectious and immunological keratitis.

Association between antinuclear antibodies status and preterm birth in Japanese pregnant women: a prospective cohort study from Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Background: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are important biomarkers for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases; however, the general population also tests positive at a low frequency, especially in women. Although the effects of various autoimmune diseases on pregnancy outcomes have been studied, the association of ANA with pregnancy outcomes in healthy individuals is unclear. Preterm birth (PTB), a major cause of neonatal death or long-term health problems, is a complex condition with a multifactorial etiology, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Alternating Administration of Osimertinib for Leptomeningitis and Docetaxel Plus Ramucirumab for Lung Adenocarcinoma Resistant to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Case Report.

Traditionally, leptomeningitis (LM) has been considered untreatable and terminal, but the development of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with EGFR mutations. However, non-LM lesions occasionally progress or recur, even when the LM is successfully controlled with EGFR-TKIs, and treatment of such cases remains unclear. We herein report a patient with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who was treated with an EGFR-TKI for LM and cytotoxic chemotherapy for EGFR-TKI-resistant pulmonary lesions.

Time-course assessment of oral intake function and its impact on end-of-life in older individuals over 90 years with frailty.

Aim: The study investigates end-of-life trajectories, focusing on the degree of oral intake function in older individuals with frailty aged over 90 years.

Methods: This retrospective observational study examined individuals aged 90 years and older who passed away at a long-term chronic care hospital and related facilities in Japan. We assessed their Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Function Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), categorizing them into two groups-"preserved CFS" (CFS score ≤7) and "poor CFS" (CFS score ≥8)-considering evaluations conducted 6 months before death.

Monoclonal antibodies against jellyfish collagen.

Collagens are abundant structural proteins found in both mammalian and marine species, and attractive biomaterials used in various fields. Jellyfish collagen-based products have become increasingly popular because of their clinically proven health benefits such as the effects of skin wound healing and immune stimulation. To develop detection tools for jellyfish collagen, we generated four monoclonal antibodies, MCOL1, 2, 3, and 4, by immunizing mice with moon jellyfish collagen.

[EVALUATION OF THE BASIC PERFORMANCE IN THE SPECIFIC IGE ANTIBODY TEST KITS, VIEW ALLERGY 39 AND SILIS ALLERGY 45+1].

Background And Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the basic performance and accuracy as a screening test by comparing SiLIS Allergy 45+1 with View Allergy 39.

Methods: Measurements were performed with reagents and measuring instruments for View Allergy 39 and SiLIS Allergy 45+1 using blood samples of individuals with a previous history of IgE sensitizations. We compared the results between SiLIS Allergy 45+1 with View Allergy 39.

Association between prenatal mercury exposure and pediatric neurodevelopment: The Japan environment and children's study.

Mercury pollution, including from its use during gold mining and refining, remains an important problem worldwide. In particular, methylmercury, a microbial alteration of mercury released into the environment, is a major environmental neurotoxicant. Although there has been growing concern about the health hazards of exposure to low levels of mercury, the effects of prenatal mercury exposure on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children have remained controversial.

Structural dynamics of the Ca-regulated cutinase towards structure-based improvement of PET degradation activity.

We previously revealed the structural basis of Ca dependent regulation of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-degrading enzyme, Cut190, and proposed a unique reaction cycle in which the enzyme repeatedly binds and releases Ca. Here, we report crystal structures of Cut190 mutants with high thermal stability complexed with PET-like ligands that contain aromatic rings. The structural information has allowed us to perform further computational analyses using a PET-trimer bound model.

Partially hydrolyzed guar gum suppresses binge alcohol-induced liver fat accumulation via gut environment modulation in mice.

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), including alcoholic fatty liver, is a serious problem in many countries, and its economic costs to society are enormous. There is evidence indicating the relations between gut environments and liver disease, and thus, improvement of gut environment is expected to be an effective approach for ALD prevention. In this study, we explored the preventive effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on ALD focusing on the gut-liver axis.

Skeleton-guided 3D convolutional neural network for tubular structure segmentation.

Purpose: Accurate segmentation of tubular structures is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment but is challenging due to their complex branching structures and volume imbalance. The purpose of this study is to propose a 3D deep learning network that incorporates skeleton information to enhance segmentation accuracy in these tubular structures.

Methods: Our approach employs a 3D convolutional network to extract 3D tubular structures from medical images such as CT volumetric images.

Structural and functional dissection of the Pacinian corpuscle reveals an active role of the inner core in touch detection.

Pacinian corpuscles are rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor end-organs that detect transient touch and high-frequency vibration. In the prevailing model, these properties are determined by the outer core, which acts as a mechanical filter limiting static and low-frequency stimuli from reaching the afferent terminal-the sole site of touch detection in corpuscles. Here, we determine the detailed 3D architecture of corpuscular components and reveal their contribution to touch detection.

Development of tetravalent antibody-enzyme complexes employing a lactate oxidase and the application to electrochemical immunosensors.

Antibody-enzyme complexes (AECs) are ideal for immunosensing. Although AECs using antibody fragments can be produced by bacterial hosts, their low affinity limits their sensing applications. We have improved the affinity of AECs by combining two antibodies using Catcher/Tag systems; however, it requires multiple antibodies and an enzyme production process.

Acute Respiratory Failure Caused by Lateral Medullary Infarction - An Unknown Condition with Varied Etiology and Requiring Special Vigilance: A Case Series.

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to lateral medullary infarction (LMI) can be a fatal condition, although its details remain unclarified. To clarify clinical aspects of ARF due to LMI, we reviewed eight applicable cases treated in a tertiary hospital. Of them, we focused on the detailed clinical course of one case.

Restoration of Spatial Learning Through Oral Administration of Lipopolysaccharides in Diabetes-related Cognitive Dysfunction.

Background/aim: In a previous report, our group showed that oral administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Pantoea agglomerans can prevent the progression of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction (DRCD) in mice without causing significant side-effects. However, the treatment effects of oral administration of LPS to DRCD remain unknown.

Materials And Methods: We modified our previous animal experimental model to investigate whether oral administration of LPS can recover cognitive function after DRCD onset.

Association of phenol exposure during pregnancy and asthma development in children: The Japan Environment and Children's study.

Background: Alkylphenols can originate from numerous products containing alkylphenol ethoxylates, including cleaning products, household items, and cosmetics. Some phenols, such as nonylphenol, are known to be endocrine disruptors, and exposure to them is thought to have contributed to the recent increase in allergic diseases such as asthma. However, the impacts of prenatal phenol exposure on asthma development in children are still unclear.

Construction of a -value prediction model and molecular dynamics study of AmNA-containing gapmer antisense oligonucleotide.

RNase H-dependent antisense oligonucleotides (gapmer ASOs) represent a class of nucleic acid therapeutics that bind to target RNA to facilitate RNase H-mediated RNA cleavage, thereby regulating the expression of disease-associated proteins. Integrating artificial nucleic acids into gapmer ASOs enhances their therapeutic efficacy. Among these, amido-bridged nucleic acid (AmNA) stands out for its potential to confer high affinity and stability to ASOs.

Correlations between Bone Turnover Marker Concentrations and Maxillary and Mandibular Cancellous Hounsfield Units: A Crosssectional Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the associations between the concentrations of bone turnover markers and maxillary and mandibular cancellous Hounsfield units to determine whether bone turnover marker assessments are effective for preoperative examinations for implant treatment. Materials and Methods: The study included 94 patients (37 males and 57 females) with a mean age of 62.0±11.

Clinical Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Colitis Enhanced With Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Panel Using Stool Sample: A Case Report.

A 71-year-old man was admitted because of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia following a right upper lobectomy for lung cancer. His respiratory failure worsened after admission, and he required mechanical ventilation. He was undergoing intensive immunosuppressive treatment, including high-dose corticosteroids and cyclosporine, and had watery diarrhea six times a day.

Temporal effects of lascufloxacin on human gut and salivary microbiota: Analysis using next-generation sequencing method.

Introduction: Antimicrobial treatment disrupts human microbiota. The effects of lascufloxacin (LSFX), a new fluoroquinolone, on human microbiota remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of LSFX administration on the gut and salivary microbiota of healthy participants and those with pneumonia.