Incidence of 'new-onset' constipation and associated factors during lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: A minimum of physical activity and low liquid intake are factors that have been associated with constipation. The health emergency brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adopting behaviour, such as sheltering-in-place (less mobility) and dietary changes, creating a scenario we believe to be an adequate model for examining the appearance of symptoms of constipation and its associated factors.

Design: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on an open population, applying an electronic survey (4 weeks after lockdown due to COVID-19 in Mexico) to evaluate demographic characteristics, physical activity, water and fibre intake, appearance of constipation symptoms (including stool consistency), and quality of life.

LB: a useful pharmabiotic for the treatment of digestive disorders.

Dysbiosis, a loss of balance between resident bacterial communities and their host, is associated with multiple diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (nonspecific chronic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), and digestive functional disorders. Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotic organisms and, more recently, pharmabiotics, have been shown to modulate the human microbiota. In this review, we provide an overview of the key concepts relating to probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotic organisms, and pharmabiotics, with a focus on available clinical evidence regarding the specific use of a unique pharmabiotic, the strain LB (), for the management of gastrointestinal disorders.

[Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of constipation in Mexico. C) Medical and surgical treatment].

Background: There are multiple therapeutic options for the management of constipation, from lifestyle modifications to the use of laxatives and in extreme cases surgery.

Objectives And Methods: To establish the clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation in Mexico we conducted a review of the literature regarding medical and surgical treatments for chronic constipation and have made recommendations based on evidence.

Results: Low water consumption, physical inactivity and low intake of fiber are conditions associated with chronic constipation, but the evidence to prove these associations is scarce.

[Recommended endoscopic surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a cost-effective strategy?].

Objective: Evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines for the surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in the context of a Mexican cohort of patients with BE and no dysplasia.

Background: For patients with BE and no dysplasia, the ACG has recommended endoscopic surveillance every three years. The cost-benefit of this strategy has been evaluated in populations with an annual incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) of 1%-5%.

[Perception of symptoms with minimal reductions of esophageal pH in patients with erosive and non-erosive GERD].

Background: Patients with gastrointestinal reflux disease GERD perceive < 5% of acid reflux episodes, independently of GERD type. The role of minimal changes on esophageal pH (1 or 2 units) on development of symptoms is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate symptom perception and its relationship with minimal changes on esophageal pH in patients with erosive and non-erosive GERD (NERD).

[Diagnostic usefulness of the Carlsson-Dent questionnaire in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)].

Background: Diagnosis of GERD is based on presence of symptoms (heartburn) associated to abnormal esophageal acid exposure or esophageal erosions determined by 24-hr pH monitoring and/or endoscopy, respectively. Different instruments have been evaluated in order to diagnose GERD without invasive studies. Carlsson-Dent questionnaire (CDQ), validated among European patients, have shown good sensitivity and positive predictive values for detection of GERD.

[Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. A review based on current evidence].

Introduction: Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial. Recent investigations have associated episodes of infectious gastroenteritis with development of IBS. This condition is named post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS).

[Obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease].

Introduction: Obesity is a condition that has been associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), however, a cause-effect relationship has not been established.

Aim: To analyze current evidence evaluating the relationship between obesity and GERD, as well as the impact of hypocaloric diets and bariatric surgery in gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.

Material And Methods: An electronic search in the MEDLINE was performed, looking for information published during the past 15 years: Cohort studies, case-control studies, case series and case reports, including the following key words: "heartburn", "reflux", "gerd", "reflux esophagitis", "obesity", "overweight", "diet", "bariatric surgery" were analized.