Evaluation of the 5-fluorouracil plasma level in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing continuous infusion chemotherapy.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) dosing has traditionally been based on the body surface area (BSA) in colorectal cancer treatment. However, there is accumulating evidence that dosing based on BSA may be of limited use. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the changes in 5-FU plasma levels and tumor response as well as the severity of adverse events in patients with cancer treated with 5-FU combined chemotherapy.

Correlation between the Carbon Nanotube Growth Rate and Byproducts in Antenna-Type Remote Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition Observed by Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy.

For sp or sp carbon material growth, it is important to investigate the precursors or intermediates just before growth. In this study, the density of ethylene (C H ) outside the plasma discharge space and just before reaching the carbon nanotube (CNT) growth region is investigated by vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy for plasma discharge in an antenna-type remote plasma chemical vapor deposition with a CH /H system, with which the growth of very long (≈0.5 cm) CNT forests is achieved.

Impact of primary tumor location as a predictive factor in patients suffering from colorectal cancer treated with cytotoxic anticancer agents based on the collagen gel droplet-embedded drug sensitivity test.

In recent studies, better clinical outcomes for patients with left-sided colon cancer (CC) compared with right-sided CC have been reported; however, in such investigations, the chemotherapy regimens included molecular-targeting agents. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of primary tumor location as a predictive factor in patients suffering from CC treated with cytotoxic anticancer agents alone has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the primary tumor location as a predictive factor of patients undergoing the following cytotoxic anticancer agent regimens: Leucovorin and fluorouracil + oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or Leucovorin and fluorouracil + irinotecan (FOLFIRI), using the collagen gel droplet-embedded drug sensitivity test (CD-DST).

Impact of the individualization of the first-line chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer based on collagen gel droplet-embedded drug sensitivity test.

Leucovorin (FOL) and fluorouracil (5-FU) plus oxaliplatin (l-OHP; FOLFOX) or FOL and 5-FU plus irinotecan (SN-38; FOLFIRI) are widely used as first-line chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, second-line chemotherapy must be abandoned in certain cases due to disease progression, adverse effects or high medical cost. Therefore, the most effective regimen should be selected as first-line chemotherapy.

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and levofolinate for T3 or T4 stage II/III rectal cancer: the FACT trial.

Purpose: A multicenter phase II clinical study was performed in patients with T3 or T4 stage II/III rectal cancer to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, levofolinate, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6).

Methods: Patients received four 2-week cycles of mFOLFOX6 therapy (oxaliplatin at 85 mg/m + leucovorin at 200 mg/m + fluorouracil as a 400 mg/m bolus followed by infusion of 2400 mg/m over 46 h, all on Day 1). They were evaluated by computed tomography after completion of the fourth cycle.

Impact of chromosome 17q deletion in the primary lesion of colorectal cancer on liver metastasis.

Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, and investigations are required to elucidate the underlying carcinogenic mechanisms. Amongst these mechanisms, carcinogenesis and the adenoma to carcinoma sequence, are the most understood. Metastasis of colorectal cancer to the liver often results in fatality, therefore, it is important for any associated risk factors to be identified.

Effects of menthol on the pharmacokinetics of triazolam and phenytoin.

We have previously shown that menthol attenuates the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by increasing the expression levels of CYP3A and CYP2C in the liver. This study evaluated the effects of menthol on the pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A substrate triazolam and the CYP2C substrate phenytoin. Menthol was orally administered to mice for 7 d.

A single surgeon's experience of 65 cases of penoplasty for congenital megaprepuce, with special reference to mid- to long-term follow-up.

Purpose: There are few reports about postoperative outcome of penoplasty (PP). We present the results of mid- to long-term follow-up of PP performed for congenital megaprepuce (CMP).

Methods: Data from 65 CMP cases treated by PP performed by a single surgeon from 2000 to 2014 were collected prospectively.

Mechanism underlying the transient increase of serum iron during FOLFOX/FOLFIRI therapy.

In patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), a transient significant increase of serum iron is observed during chemotherapy with leucovorin and fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or leucovorin and fluorouracil plus irinotecan (FOLFIRI). Serum iron may be a useful and convenient predictor of the response to chemotherapy; however, the mechanism underlying its increase has not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, the mechanism underlying the elevation of serum iron during chemotherapy was investigated in 20 patients with advanced CRC who were treated between September, 2012 and July, 2013.

Impact of 5-fluorouracil metabolizing enzymes on chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal cancer.

Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an important drug for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, no useful biomarker is currently available to predict treatment response. Since 5-FU is converted into active or inactive forms by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a correlation between these enzymes and response to 5-FU has been suggested. However, such a correlation has not been investigated prospectively.

Serum iron levels as a new biomarker in chemotherapy with leucovorin and fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin or leucovorin and fluorouracil plus irinotecan, with or without molecularly-targeted drugs.

Serum iron levels have been reported to increase following the administration of various anticancer drugs. An increase in serum iron levels during therapy with leucovorin and fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or leucovorin and fluorouracil plus irinotecan (FOLFIRI) was also observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum iron levels and prognosis in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with FOLFOX/FOLFIRI ± molecularly-targeted drugs.

Menthol reduces the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by inducing cytochrome P450 2C expression.

Recently, it was reported that the anticoagulant effect of warfarin was reduced when patients receiving warfarin also took menthol. The purpose of this study is to reveal the mechanism of this reduced anticoagulant effect of warfarin from the pharmacokinetic point of view. Warfarin was orally administered to mice 24h after the administration of menthol for 2 days, and the plasma warfarin concentration was measured.

Individualized chemotherapy for colorectal cancer based on the collagen gel droplet-embedded drug sensitivity test.

The leucovorin (FOL) and fluorouracil (5-FU) plus oxaliplatin (l-OHP; FOLFOX) or FOL and 5-FU plus irinotecan (SN-38; FOLFIRI) regimens with or without molecularly-targeted drugs are widely used as first-line chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Whether FOLFOX or FOLFIRI is administered first is not significant, however, it is essential that full administration of the targeted dosages of all 3 drugs, 5-FU, l-OHP and SN-38, is achieved. However, this is not always possible and second-line chemotherapy must be abandoned in certain cases.

Good response to leucovorin and fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin and cetuximab therapy in a patient with metastatic ascending colon cancer harboring a KRAS p.G13D mutation.

The effectiveness of cetuximab (Cmab) against KRAS p.G13D mutant-type tumors has been reported. In this study, we report a case of metastatic ascending colon cancer harboring a KRAS p.

Identification of responders/non-responders to 5-fluorouracil based on individual 50% inhibitory area under the concentration curve of 5-fluorouracil obtained with collagen gel droplet-embedded culture-drug sensitivity test in colorectal cancer.

We previously reported the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity of cancer cells obtained from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using the collagen gel droplet-embedded culture-drug sensitivity test (CD-DST). Multiple drug concentrations and contact durations, and the area under the concentration curve (AUC) and growth inhibition rate (IR) were combined, resulting in the AUC-IR curve, which was approximated to the logarithmic curve. Moreover, the individualized AUC(IR50), the AUC value which gives 50% growth inhibition, was calculated using the AUC-IR curve.

Evaluation of serum iron levels during FOLFOX4 and FOLFIRI therapies.

FOLFOX4 and FOLFIRI are effective regimens for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, and their use together with molecular targeting drugs has recently become more common. In the present study, we evaluated the changes in the serum iron levels of patients undergoing FOLFOX4 or FOLFIRI therapy alone or in combination with bevacizumab (BV). The serum iron level was increased 48 h after therapy and was restored to baseline 2 weeks afterwards in colorectal cancer patients who received FOLFOX4 or FOLFIRI alone or in combination with BV.

Leucovorin and fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin or leucovorin and fluorouracil plus irinotecan as individualized first-line therapy based on a drug sensitivity test.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of oxaliplatin (l-OHP) or irinotecan (SN-38) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using the collagen gel droplet embedded culture-drug sensitivity test (CD-DST) to establish whether leucovorin plus 5-FU should be administered in combination with l-OHP (FOLFOX) or SN-38 (FOLFIRI) in individualized first-line chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Specimens of primary tumors were obtained from 24 CRC patients who had received no preoperative chemotherapy. CD-DST was performed, and the inhibition rate (IR) was obtained under multiple incubation conditions.

[A case of gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination-efficacy of combination therapy with S-1 and docetaxel].

The efficiency of new anti-cancer drugs such as the S-1 system was demonstrated in a controlled study comparing treatment and non-treatment groups. We encountered a patient with gastric cancer demonstrating peritoneal dissemination, who was successfully treated by combination therapy using S-1 and docetaxel. A 62-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to appetite loss and nausea.

Evaluation of the individual 50% inhibitory area under the concentration curve of 5-fluorouracil based on the collagen gel droplet embedded culture drug sensitivity test in colorectal cancer.

We have previously reported the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity of cancer cells from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using the collagen gel droplet embedded culture-drug sensitivity test (CD-DST) under multiple drug concentrations and contact durations. Moreover, the area under the concentration curve (AUC) and growth inhibition rate (IR) were combined, resulting in the AUC-IR curve, which was approximated to the logarithmic curve. In the present study, we used the AUC-IR curve to calculate the individualized AUCIR50, the AUC value that imparts 50% growth inhibition.

Evaluation of 5-fluorouracil applicability by the collagen gel droplet embedded drug sensitivity test with area under the curve analysis.

We have evaluated the 5-fluorouracil sensitivity of cancer cells from colorectal cancer patients using the collagen gel droplet embedded drug sensitivity test under multiple drug concentrations and contact durations. After converting drug concentration and contact time to the area under the curve (AUC) and plotting against the growth inhibition rate, the correlation between AUC and the growth inhibition rates was approximated to the logarithmic regression curve. In this study, to further validate the reliability of the regression curve, the growth inhibition rate was calculated from the regression curve and the actual growth inhibition rate was compared at AUC of 48 mug h/ml.

Prognostic impact of orotate phosphoribosyl transferase activity in resectable colorectal cancers treated by 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Background And Objectives: Phosphoribosylation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an essential step which leads to tumor growth inhibition and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) is the main enzyme that involves in this conversion of 5-FU to 5-fluorouridine monophosphate. This retrospective study was aimed to evaluate the correlation between tumor OPRT activity and the clinical outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated by oral 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: Surgical specimen was obtained from resectable 124 CRC patients who were subsequently treated by oral 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Effect of gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil and gimeracil after oral administration of S-1.

The effect of gastrectomy on pharmacokinetics after S-1 administration was investigated in a total of 12 cases - nine in which partial gastrectomy was performed and three in which total gastrectomy was performed. A single oral dose of S-1, 50 mg as tegafur, was administered, serial peripheral blood samples were collected, and the concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gimeracil (CDHP) were measured. The pre-operative S-1 dose was administered about 7 days before surgery and the post-operative dose was administered around post-operative hospital day 14.

Prognostic impact of orotate phosphoribosyl transferase among 5-fluorouracil metabolic enzymes in resectable colorectal cancers treated by oral 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy.

Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) is the main enzyme that involves in phosphoribosylation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an essential step that leads to tumor growth inhibition. In our study, the prognostic relevance of OPRT, thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in resectable colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated by oral 5-FU were compared to further clarify the prognostic value of OPRT. Tumor tissue was collected from 90 CRC patients and the patients were followed for 5.

The relationship between 5-fluorouracil sensitivity and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the orotate phosphoribosyl transferase gene in colorectal cancer.

Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) is an enzyme playing an important role in exertion of the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). A type of gene polymorphism, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), is considered to be a factor affecting individual differences in exertion of drug effects, and its analysis has recently made progress. We investigated the correlation between SNP of OPRT and 5-FU sensitivity in colon and rectal cancers.

Impact of orotate phosphoribosyl transferase activity as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.

Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) is an essential nucleotide metabolic enzyme for cell proliferation and also a key enzyme for conversion of 5-FU to its active form in tumor tissue. The association between tumor OPRT activity and pathophysiological status, including lymph node metastasis [pN+], and the impact of OPRT for predicting pN+ were investigated in gastric cancer. The lymph node status of 73 resectable gastric cancer patients was analyzed preoperatively by computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography and magnetic resonance, and the OPRT activity of collected tumor tissue was measured.