[Basic and Advanced Techniques of Anastomosis in Deep Surgical Fields:STA-SCA Anastomosis].

This article detailly describes the subtemporal-transtentorial STA-SCA bypass technique. Through temporal base drilling, copious cerebrospinal fluid evacuation before retraction, and sufficient retraction of the temporal lobe preserving the veins of the temporal base would be primodial to obtain an appropriate surgical field. Refrection of the tentrial free edge and identification of recipient SCA posterior to the entry point of the trochlear nerve into the cavernous sinus is a micro-anatomical key.

Characterization of microRNA expression in B cells derived from Japanese black cattle naturally infected with bovine leukemia virus by deep sequencing.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), a malignant B cell lymphoma. However, the mechanisms of BLV-associated lymphomagenesis remain poorly understood. Here, after deep sequencing, we performed comparative analyses of B cell microRNAs (miRNAs) in cattle infected with BLV and those without BLV.

Increased T-cell responses that control bovine leukemia virus proviral load in beef cattle under dietary vitamin A restriction for marbling.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load is controlled by T-cell responses, which require vitamin A (VA) derived from food. However, whether dietary VA restriction for marbling impairs the T-cell responses that control BLV proviral load in beef cattle is unknown. We assessed T-cell subsets, interferon (IFN)-γ gene expression, and BLV proviral load in naturally BLV-infected Japanese Black cattle that were fed a diet with decreased VA levels.

Development of a microchip electrophoresis-based, high-throughput PCR-RFLP method to type Tax 233 variants of bovine leukemia virus in Japan.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). We used microchip electrophoresis in combination with automatic image analysis to develop a novel high-throughput PCR-RFLP to type the gene sequences that encode BLV Tax 233. This method revealed that 233L-Tax is more prevalent than 233P-Tax in cattle in Japan.

Predicting Inpatient Falls Using Natural Language Processing of Nursing Records Obtained From Japanese Electronic Medical Records: Case-Control Study.

Background: Falls in hospitals are the most common risk factor that affects the safety of inpatients and can result in severe harm. Therefore, preventing falls is one of the most important areas of risk management for health care organizations. However, existing methods for predicting falls are laborious and costly.

[Implementation and Verification of Tabletop Training Program for Disaster Evacuation Shelter Support for School Pharmacist].

In this paper, as a program targeting school pharmacists engaged in health counseling and health guidance at elementary and junior high schools, which are often evacuation centers, we have rebuilt the disaster evacuation shelter support chart program for community pharmacists. As a result of the questionnaire survey, there were seen 4 groups. There were a group that was conscious of shelter support, a group who felt that they did not have aptitude for disaster relief, a group that was conscious of general support and logistical support, and a group that showed a negative attitude towards disaster relief.

How definitive treatment affects the rupture rate of unruptured cerebral aneurysms: a competing risk survival analysis.

Objective: To investigate the risk of bleeding from unruptured cerebral aneurysms (UCAs), previous studies have used Kaplan-Meier analyses without treating the definitive treatment as a competing risk event, which may underestimate the rupture rate. The authors analyzed the survival of patients with UCAs alongside the occurrence of aneurysm bleeding and its competing risk events.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 722 patients diagnosed with UCAs in the period from 2000 to 2009 using an institution's electronic medical records and telephone interviews.

The Contribution of Diabetes Education in the Treatment of People with Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.

Diabetes has caused 5.1 million deaths, primarily from cardiovascular disease. Large clinical studies have proven the importance of intensive control of diabetes from diagnosis to prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications of the disease in the long term.

Effectiveness of zigzag Incision and 1.5-Layer method for frontotemporal craniotomy.

Background: In this era of minimally invasive treatment, it is important to make operative scars as inconspicuous as possible, and there is a great deal of room for improvement in daily practice. Zigzag incision with coronal incision has been described mainly in the field of plastic surgery, and its applicability for skin incision in general neurosurgery has not been reported.

Methods: Zigzag incision with 1.

Development of a new compact intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging system: concept and initial experience.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during surgery has been shown to improve surgical outcomes, but the current intraoperative MRI systems are too large to install in standard operating suites. Although 1 compact system is available, its imaging quality is not ideal.

Objective: We developed a new compact intraoperative MRI system and evaluated its use for safety and efficacy.

A novel method for transcranial Doppler microembolic signal monitoring at the vertebrobasilar junction in vertebral artery dissection patients.

Background: Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is one of the most important etiologies in young stroke patients. VAD causes ischemic stroke by embolism and transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring can detect microemboli originating from the dissection point as high intensity transient signals (HITS). We developed a simple but novel method of TCD monitoring at the vertebrobasilar junction in VAD patients.

Reinforcement of pericranium as a dural substitute by fibrin sealant.

Background: For dural plasty, several kinds of substitute materials are used clinically. Among these materials, pericranium is often used as a dural substitute since it is autologous and easy to harvest. However, it is rather thin and fragile, which makes it difficult to suture onto peripheral dura mater, especially when the defect is large.

CD4 mimics targeting the HIV entry mechanism and their hybrid molecules with a CXCR4 antagonist.

Small molecules behaving as CD4 mimics were previously reported as HIV-1 entry inhibitors that block the gp120-CD4 interaction and induce a conformational change in gp120, exposing its co-receptor-binding site. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of a series of CD4 mimic analogs was conducted to investigate the contribution from the piperidine moiety of CD4 mimic 1 to anti-HIV activity, cytotoxicity, and CD4 mimicry effects on conformational changes of gp120. In addition, several hybrid molecules based on conjugation of a CD4 mimic analog with a selective CXCR4 antagonist were also synthesized and their utility evaluated.

Enhanced exposure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolate neutralization epitopes through binding of CD4 mimetic compounds.

N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-oxalamide (NBD-556) is a low-molecular-weight compound that reportedly blocks the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 and its receptor CD4. We investigated whether the enhancement of binding of anti-gp120 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) toward envelope (Env) protein with NBD-556 are similar to those of soluble CD4 (sCD4) by comparing the binding profiles of the individual MAbs to Env-expressing cell surfaces. In flow cytometric analyses, the binding profiles of anti-CD4-induced epitope (CD4i) MAbs toward NBD-556-pretreated Env-expressing cell surfaces were similar to the binding profiles toward sCD4-pretreated cell surfaces.

CD4 mimics targeting the mechanism of HIV entry.

A structure-activity relationship study was conducted of several CD4 mimicking small molecules which block the interaction between HIV-1 gp120 and CD4. These CD4 mimics induce a conformational change in gp120, exposing its co-receptor-binding site. This induces a highly synergistic interaction in the use in combination with a co-receptor CXCR4 antagonist and reveals a pronounced effect on the dynamic supramolecular mechanism of HIV-1 entry.

Simulation of and training for cerebral aneurysm clipping with 3-dimensional models.

Objective: With improvements in endovascular techniques, fewer aneurysms are treated by surgical clipping, and those aneurysms targeted for open surgery are often complex and difficult to treat. We devised a hollow, 3-dimensional (3D) model of individual cerebral aneurysms for preoperative simulation and surgical training. The methods and initial experience with this model system are presented.

Structure-activity relationship study of CXCR4 antagonists bearing the cyclic pentapeptide scaffold: identification of the new pharmacophore.

A highly potent CXCR4 antagonist 2 [cyclo (-D-Tyr1-Arg2-Arg3-Nal4-Gly5-)] has previously been identified by screening cyclic pentapeptide libraries that were designed based on pharmacophore residues of a 14-residue peptidic CXCR4 antagonist 1. In the present study, D-Tyr and Arg in peptide 2 were replaced by a bicyclic aromatic amino acid and a cationic amino acid, respectively, and their binding activity for CXCR4 was evaluated for identification of the novel pharmacophore.

Newly developed endoscopic instruments for the removal of intracerebral hematoma.

Ultra-early surgical treatment in which associated brain injury is minimized and maximal volume of hematoma is removed shortly after onset with secure hemostasis is expected to be established. We developed a transparent guiding sheath and other surgical instruments for endoscopic surgery and established a novel, ultra-early stage surgical procedure using those instruments. This procedure has the following characteristics: (a) burr hole opening under local anesthesia is possible; (b) a transparent sheath improves the visualization of the surgical field in the parenchyma and the hematoma; (c) free-hand surgery without fixing an endoscope and a sheath to a frame facilitates three-dimensional operation; (d) secure hemostasis by electric coagulation is possible; (e) relatively simple surgical instruments are easy to prepare.

Correlation of histology and molecular genetic analysis of 1p, 19q, 10q, TP53, EGFR, CDK4, and CDKN2A in 91 astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors.

Purpose: The histological diagnosis of human gliomas is of great importance for estimating patient prognosis and guiding therapy but suffers from being subjective and, therefore, variable. We hypothesized that molecular genetic analysis could provide a more objective means to classify tumors and, thus, reduce diagnostic variability.

Experimental Design: We performed molecular genetic analysis on 91 nonselected gliomas for 1p, 19q, 10q, TP53, epidermal growth factor receptor, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 abnormalities and compared with the consensus diagnoses established among four independent neuropathologists.

Primarily extracranial jugular foramen neurinoma manifesting with marked hemiatrophy of the tongue: case report.

Background: There have been no detailed descriptions of the clinical symptoms of a primarily extracranial jugular foramen neurinoma (JFN), because this type of tumor is extremely rare.

Case Description: Although the 51-year-old woman presented with only mild complaints of dysphagia and hoarseness, neurologic examination revealed marked left hemiatrophy of the tongue. Although magnetic resonance imaging suggested a JFN, the patient's mild symptoms and normal jugular foramen were potentially misleading in the diagnosis of this patient.

Early fatal rebleeding from a cerebellar cavernous malformation--case report.

A 25-year-old female patient presented with hemorrhage from a cerebellar cavernous malformation manifesting as headache and vomiting. She died of massive rebleeding within 1 week of the previous hemorrhage. The natural history of cavernous malformations was considered relatively benign, with significant hemorrhage being uncommon.

Significance of pupillary reactivity in poor-grade aneurysm patients as a prognostic factor and an indication for active treatment.

Sixty-eight patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who were admitted in a comatose state were studied to determine the factors influencing mortality and to seek criteria for case management. Overall, the functional recovery (good recovery or moderate disability) rate was 33%, with a mortality rate of 50%. Bilaterally unreactive pupils on admission was a powerful predictor of death (p < 0.