Effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health of children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Risk factors for oral disease can potentially be ameliorated by school-based interventions. This review evaluates the effectiveness of primary school-based interventions in improving oral health among children in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Our systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness.

Primary school teachers' contributions to oral health promotion in urban and rural areas of the Gulu District, Northern Uganda: a qualitative study.

Background: Dental caries remains the most prevalent non-communicable disease globally affecting 60-90% of children. The World Health Organisation's (WHO) health-promoting school program offers a framework for dental intervention in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study explored teacher contributions to children's oral health in relation to the WHO health-promoting school framework in rural Uganda.

Provision of cervical cancer prevention services in Northern Uganda: a survey of health workers from rural health centres.

Background: Cervical cancer is the leading cancer among Ugandan women, contributing to 40 % of all cancer cases recorded in the cancer registry. Having identified the substantial impact of cervical cancer among Ugandan women, the Ministry of Health in 2010 launched a Strategic Plan for Cervical Cancer prevention and control. This study was conducted to determine if health workers working in rural health centres (HCs) III and IV in Northern Uganda provide cervical cancer screening services as recommended in the Strategic Plan.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of cervical cancer prevention among health workers in rural health centres of Northern Uganda.

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cancer and cause of premature death among women in Uganda aged 15 to 44 years. To address the increasing burden of cervical cancer in Uganda, the Ministry of Health has adopted several strategies which include public education and advocacy. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice of cervical cancer prevention among health workers employed in rural health centres (HCs) III and IV in the Acholi sub-region of Northern Uganda.

Perceptions of key informants on the provision of cervical cancer prevention and control programme in Uganda: implication for cervical cancer policy.

Background: Uganda has one of the highest burdens of cervical cancer globally. In 2010 the Ugandan Ministry of Health launched the Strategic Plan for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control with the hope of developing cervical cancer policy in Uganda. This study explored the beliefs of senior key informants in Uganda about cervical cancer prevention, the control programme, and the relevance of cervical cancer policy.

Bovine intestinal cellular responses following primary and challenge infections with Calicophoron microbothrium metacercariae.

This study was carried out to establish whether cattle can develop resistance to re-infection by Calicophoron microbothrium by assessing the response of intestinal mucosal globule leukocytes, eosinophils, mast cells and basophils, and the establishment of the parasite in the host. A total of 24 1-year-old Tuli steers were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each and infected with C. microbothrium metacercariae.

Focal metatarsal sinus tracts in a Weimaraner successfully managed with ciclosporin.

Focal metatarsal sinus tracts ('fistulation') are, to the authors knowledge, reported for the first time in a Weimaraner. The six-year-old, entire male had a five-month history of two symmetrical, well-demarcated sinuses on the plantar aspect of each metatarsus. The area surrounding each pair of sinuses was slightly fluctuant and a serosanguineous discharge could be expressed.

Observations on mass production of Calicophoron microbothrium metacercariae from experimentally and naturally infected Bulinus tropicus.

In an attempt to establish an ideal method for mass production of Calicophoron microbothrium metacercariae, a study was carried out to compare the shedding capacities of Bulinus tropicus naturally and experimentally infected with C. microbothrium. A total of 906 F1 B.

A macro- and light microscopical study of the pathology of Calicophoron microbothrium infection in experimentally infected cattle.

Twelve Tuli weaner steers aged 1 year were randomly subdivided into three groups of four animals and infected with different doses of Calicophoron microbothrium metacercariae. Each animal in Group I received a low dose (LD) of 5 000 metacercariae, Group II a medium dose (MD) of 15 000 metacercariae, Group III a high dose (HD) of 25 000 metacercariae and one additional animal was kept as an uninfected control (C). After infection, one animal from each group was slaughtered on Day 28, 42, 56 and 84 post infection (pi) and samples from the ileum, jejunum, duodenum, abomasum and the rumen were collected for histopathological and cytological examination.

Stromal cells and extracellular matrix components in spontaneous canine transmissible venereal tumour at different stages of growth.

Stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components are important for tumour cell behaviour. Little is known about the role of stromal cells and ECM components in the progression and regression of spontaneous canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). In this study, the stromal cell type was determined by immunohistochemical labelling with antibodies to desmin, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) during the progressive and regressive stages of spontaneous CTVT.

The adjustment of curricula in veterinary faculties in sub-Saharan Africa.

A survey was conducted by questionnaire to assess the current undergraduate curricula in the veterinary faculties of sub-Saharan Africa. The survey also examined how such curricula are adjusted for crucial developments in the veterinary field, such as privatisation, decentralisation and globalisation, with the increasing risk of transboundary diseases. The results demonstrate that most of these faculties face serious shortages, both in their budgets and of qualified personnel.

The effect of treatment with a 1% injectable formulation of moxidectin during the rainy season and at the beginning of the dry season on gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle from communal areas in Zimbabwe.

The effect of 1% moxidectin/cydectin at 0.2 mg/kg live weight on gastrointestinal nematodes and on the growth of calves, weaners and cows was investigated in five communal areas on the highveld of Zimbabwe. Three field experiments were carried out between March 1996 and June 1997.

A polarized Th1 type immune response to Cowdria ruminantium infection is detected in immune DBA/2 mice.

Immune responses to Cowdria ruminantium, an intracellular organism that causes heartwater in domestic ruminants, were characterized in a DBA/2 mouse model. Immunity induced by infection and treatment was adoptively transferable by splenocytes and could be abrogated by in vivo depletion of T cells but not by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase using NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. IgG2a and IgG2b C.

CD8(+) T cell knockout mice are less susceptible to Cowdria ruminantium infection than athymic, CD4(+) T cell knockout, and normal C57BL/6 mice.

The role of T cells in immunity to Cowdria ruminantium was investigated by studying the responses to infection of normal, athymic, CD4(+) T cell knock out (KO) and CD8(+) T cell KO C57BL/6 mice. Normal C57BL/6 mice could be immunized by infection and treatment, and immunity was adoptively transferable from immune to naive mice by splenocytes. Following infection, athymic mice died sooner than normal mice (P=0.

Resistance to diminazine aceturate by Trypanosoma congolense from cattle in the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe.

The susceptibility of 14 stocks of Trypanosoma congolense, recently isolated from cattle, to therapeutic doses of diminazene aceturate and to isometamidium chloride was assessed in laboratory mice. Eight isolates were readily susceptible to the normal therapeutic dose of diminazene, two were resistant to the drug at 14 mg kg-1, and four were totally resistant at 28 mg kg-1. All the isolates were susceptible to isometamidium chloride at 0.

Influence of season and housing on ovarian activity of indigenous goats in Zimbabwe.

Progesterone profiles were monitored in goats housed in single (n = 9) or group (n = 14) pens during winter (JJA) and spring (SON). Normal cycles (n = 97) were < or = 30 days. Extended cycles (n = 45) were > 30 days and, except for one cycle with a persistent corpus luteum, had periovulatory periods of 10 to 20 days (n = 29) or averaging 65.

The effect of diet on aflatoxin B1 binding to hepatic macromolecules in rats.

Fischer 344 rats were fed a low-fat high carbohydrate diet (HC), an isocaloric fat-containing diet (IC), a hypercaloric fat-containing diet (HF) or rat chow. Covalent binding of AFB1 to liver DNA, RNA and total proteins was investigated in a 24 hour period following administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of AFB1 (1 mg/kg body weight). AFB1 binding to nucleic acids was greatest in the HC and was generally significantly lower (p < 0.

Plasma progesterone concentrations during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy and onset of ovarian activity post partum in indigenous goats in Zimbabwe.

Eight pregnant does were housed individually and fed a hay and concentrate diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. The mean gestation period was 146.7 +/- 3.

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection in Zimbabwean goats and sheep.

The prevalence of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (MO) in three Communal Lands flocks of goats on the outskirts of Harare is described. In a single sampling of nasal swabs from 172 randomly selected, apparently healthy goats, 112 animals were identified as carriers of MO. The three flocks had a history of occasional deaths, following chronic and subacute pneumonia associated with isolation of MO as the only identifiable pathogen.

Idiopathic septic gonitis in five Holstein-Friesian heifers.

Five cases of gonitis in young cows are reported. In all cases lameness was severe with no weight bearing on the affected limbs. The joints were swollen.

Schistosomal lesions in the bovine uterus.

Inspection of bovine female genitalia at a major abattoir in north-eastern Zimbabwe showed schistosome-induced granulomas in uterine walls. Thirty-six non-pregnant and 7 pregnant uteri of 3441 examined, had lesions either in the mid-dorsal aspect of the uterine body or in the horns. The reproductive history of the cows was not known but the 7 pregnancies appeared normal.