Study of the characteristics of the system: Ion source-ion decelerator.

The features of the method for the formation of dense low-energy ion beams in the system consisting of ion source-ion decelerator are considered. According to this method, a wide ion beam is formed using an ion source with an ion energy of 500 eV and higher, and then the ions are decelerated just before landing on the substrate surface by an electric field created in the ion decelerator. In the considered ion decelerator, the electric field that slows down the ions is created in a gas discharge in E × B fields due to the Hall effect.

Radio frequency source of a weakly expanding wedge-shaped xenon ion beam for contactless removal of large-sized space debris objects.

A theoretical-experimental research has been carried out to determine the characteristics of a radio frequency (RF) ion source for the generation of a weakly expanding wedge-shaped xenon ion beam. Such ion beam geometry is of interest as a prototype of an on-board ion injector for contactless "ion shepherding" by service spacecraft to remove large space debris objects from geostationary orbits. The wedge shape of the ion beam increases its range.

[Experience with continuous epidural anesthesia used in the complex of combined anesthesia at gastropancreatoduodenal surgery].

The purpose of this study was to assess the experience with long-term epidural space administration of 1% lidocaine in combination with general anesthesia. Anesthesia based on the long-term epidural lidocaine administration in combination with general anesthesia versus total intravenous anesthesia based in ketamine and ataralgesia was analyzed. The anesthesia based on the long-term epidural lidocaine administration in combination with general anesthesia was shown to provide steady-state hemodynamic parameters and an adequate antinociceptive protection and to contribute to the early activation of patients.

[Rehabilitation of operated patients with diffuse polyposis of the large intestine].

In 1965 to 2000, the State Coloproctology Research Center operated on 584 patients for diffuse polyposis of the large intestine. A 18-year follow-up showed that metabolic disorders developed in 85% of cases due to the loss of large intestine that is important for maintaining homeostasis. The authors consider it necessary to continuously follow up the patients operated on for diffuse polyposis for timely diagnosis of occurring metabolic disorders and their correction.

Results of a thirty-year study of familial adenomatous polyposis coli.

Purpose: This study was designed to estimate the efficiency of the various methods used to treat familial adenomatous polyposis coli.

Methods: Three hundred ninety patients (219 males) underwent surgery for familial adenomatous polyposis coli; postoperative follow-up was from 1 to 30 years.

Results: Coloproctectomy with preservation of the anal sphincter and coloproctectomy with ileoanal pull-through procedures resulted in development of anal canal cancer in 3 (4.

[Organizational problems of the production of biological preparations of blood].

The trend of the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis makes one pay attention to the production of blood biological preparations. A detailed programme for improving the production process, which is included into the federal and republican programmes, is outlined.

[Effectiveness of preserving large intestinal segments in surgical treatment of proliferative diffuse polyposis].

Among 390 patients who were operated on in the Research Institute of Proctology for the proliferative form of diffuse polyposis, 242 underwent various types of operations in which polyp-free segments of the large intestine were not resected. In the first 5 postoperative years all 242 patients were examined, in follow-up periods of 6 to 10 years 144 patients (59.5%), in periods of 11 to 15 years 88 patients (36.

[Comparative characteristics of various types of operations performed in treatment of diffuse colonic polyposis].

Diffuse polyposis of the large intestine characterized by the development of multiple polyps in it and their subsequent malignant degeneration is one of the most severe disease of the gastrointestinal tract. That it must be treated by surgery needs no proof. However, the volume and the character of the surgical intervention on the large intestine is still a debatable problem.

[Results of preservation of distal parts of the large intestine in the surgical treatment of diffuse polyposis].

One hundred patients were examined in periods of one to 30 years after subtotal resection of the large intestine with the formation of an ileorectal or ileo-sigmoid anastomosis for diffuse polyposis with prevalence of proliferative processes. A malignant tumor developed in the preserved distal parts of the large intestine during this period in 19 (19%) persons. Such factors as the sex, age, duration of the postoperative follow-up period, the presence of a malignant tumor in the removed part, and the length of the functioning segment of the large intestine had no essential effect on the frequency of carcinoma.

[The therapeutic procedure for desmoids in patients with diffuse polyposis of the large intestine].

Desmoid was diagnosed in 54 out of 632 patients who had been operated on for diffuse polyposis. The age of patients with desmoid ranged from 18-61 years. Twenty of them had desmoid in the anterior abdominal wall whereas 30--in the small intestine mesentery or retroperitoneal space.

[Study of the pulmonary vessel reaction to administration of carbon dioxide and nitroglycerin in congenital heart defects complicated by high pulmonary hypertension].

The results of functional pharmacological tests with nitroglycerine and carbon dioxide gas are presented for patients with congenital heart diseases and pulmonary hypertension, as shown during right heart catheterization. It was established that nitroglycerine, taken sublingually, does not produce any direct effect on the pulmonary artery pressure, and the delayed changes in haemodynamics are a consequence of the altered regimen of pressure in the general circulation. When carbon dioxide gas was administered into the pulmonary artery, it proved to produce a direct effect upon the receptors of the pulmonary arterial bed.