Insight into the Mechanism of Lysogeny Control of phiCDKH01 Bacteriophage Infecting Clinical Isolate of .

is a causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea as well as pseudomembranous colitis. So far, all known bacteriophages infecting these bacteria are temperate, which means that instead of prompt lysis of host cells, they can integrate into the host genome or replicate episomally. While phages are capable of spontaneous induction and entering the lytic pathway, very little is known about the regulation of their maintenance in the state of lysogeny.

Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Periodontium-Vital in Tissue Turnover and Unfortunate in Periodontitis.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network present within all tissues and organs, forming the foundation on which cells sit, and composed of proteins (such as collagen), glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, minerals, and water. The ECM provides a fundamental framework for the cellular constituents of tissue and biochemical support to surrounding cells. The ECM is a highly dynamic structure that is constantly being remodeled.

Influence of glucose on swarming and quorum sensing of Dickeya solani.

Dickeya solani is a pathogen most frequently responsible for infecting potato plants in Europe. As in the case of most plant pathogens, its ability to colonize and invade the host depends on chemotaxis and motility. The coordinated movement of Dickeya over solid surfaces is governed by a quorum sensing mechanism.

Biological activity of 3-(2-benzoxazol-5-yl)alanine derivatives.

Searching for new drugs is still a challenge for science, mainly because of civilization development and globalization which promote the rapid spread of diseases, which is particularly dangerous in the case of infectious ones. Moreover, readily available already known antibiotics are often overused or misused, possibly contributing to the increase in the number of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. A consequence of this is the need for new structures of potential drugs.

Lipidation of Temporin-1CEb Derivatives as a Tool for Activity Improvement, Pros and Cons of the Approach.

The alarming raise of multi-drug resistance among human microbial pathogens makes the development of novel therapeutics a priority task. In contrast to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), besides evoking a broad spectrum of activity against microorganisms, could offer additional benefits, such as the ability to neutralize toxins, modulate inflammatory response, eradicate bacterial and fungal biofilms or prevent their development. The latter properties are of special interest, as most antibiotics available on the market have limited ability to diffuse through rigid structures of biofilms.

The effect of Helicobacter pylori infection and different H. pylori components on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells and fibroblasts.

Background: Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric mucosa, causing chronic inflammation, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. A cascade of harmful processes results from the interaction of these bacteria with the gastric epithelium.

Aim: To investigate these processes in terms of upregulation of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis and downregulation of the pro-regenerative activity of cells.

Upregulation of MUC5AC production and deposition of LEWIS determinants by HELICOBACTER PYLORI facilitate gastric tissue colonization and the maintenance of infection.

Background: Helicobacter pylori bacteria colonize human gastric mucosa, cause chronic inflammation, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Colonization is mediated by H. pylori adhesins, which preferentially bind mucin 5 (MUC5AC) and Lewis (Le) determinants.

IL-1 Fragment Modulates Immune Response Elicited by Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Presenting an Antigen/Adjuvant Chimeric Protein.

Mucosal immunizations are convenient ways of vaccination, which do not require any trained personnel for administration. One of the major challenges for developing an effective mucosal vaccine is finding appropriate adjuvant. Bacillus subtilis endospores have been shown to help solving these obstacles while serving as a platform for presentation of both, antigens and adjuvants.

Positions 299 and 302 of the GerAA subunit are important for function of the GerA spore germination receptor in Bacillus subtilis.

Bacillus subtilis, as a model spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium, has been extensively used for spore germination research. Within this field, nutrient-dependent germination with specific germinant receptors (GerA, responding to L-alanine or L-valine; GerB and GerK, acting together to start spore germination process in response to AGFK) has been the most studied. There are three different variants of the GerAA subunit (299T/302S, 299A/302P, 299A/302S) of the GerA germination receptor present in B.

The combination of recombinant and non-recombinant Bacillus subtilis spore display technology for presentation of antigen and adjuvant on single spore.

Background: Bacillus subtilis spores can be used for presentation of heterologous proteins. Two main approaches have been developed, the recombinant one, requiring modification of bacterial genome to express a protein of interest as a fusion with spore-coat protein, and non-recombinant, based on the adsorption of a heterologous protein onto the spore. So far only single proteins have been displayed on the spore surface.

The choice of the anchoring protein influences the interaction of recombinant Bacillus spores with the immune system.

The technology of display of heterologous proteins on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores enables use of these structures as carriers of antigens for mucosal vaccination. Currently, there are no technical possibilities to predict whether a designed fusion will be efficiently displayed on the spore surface and how such recombinant spores will interact with cells of the immune system. In this study, we compared four variants of B.

Presenting Influenza A M2e Antigen on Recombinant Spores of Bacillus subtilis.

Effective vaccination against influenza virus infection is a serious problem mainly due to antigenic variability of the virus. Among many of investigated antigens, the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) features high homology in all strains of influenza A viruses and antibodies against M2e and is protective in animal models; this makes it a potential candidate for generation of a universal influenza vaccine. However, due to the low immunogenicity of the M2e, formulation of a vaccine based on this antigen requires some modification to induce effective immune responses.

Impact of Helicobacter pylori on the healing process of the gastric barrier.

Aim: To determine the impact of selected well defined Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antigens on gastric barrier cell turnover.

Methods: In this study, using two cellular models of gastric epithelial cells and fibroblasts, we have focused on exploring the effects of well defined H.

When Genome-Based Approach Meets the "Old but Good": Revealing Genes Involved in the Antibacterial Activity of Pseudomonas sp. P482 against Soft Rot Pathogens.

Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense are recently established species of bacterial plant pathogens causing black leg and soft rot of many vegetables and ornamental plants. Pseudomonas sp.

Helicobacter pylori antigens, acetylsalicylic acid, LDL and 7-ketocholesterol - their potential role in destabilizing the gastric epithelial cell barrier. An in vitro model of Kato III cells.

Colonization of gastric tissue in humans by H. pylori Gram-negative bacteria initiates gastric and duodenal ulcers and even gastric cancers. Infections promote inflammation and damage to gastric epithelium which might be followed by the impairment of its barrier function.

Immunoregulation of antigen presenting and secretory functions of monocytic cells by Helicobacter pylori antigens in relation to impairment of lymphocyte expansion.

The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antigens in driving a specific immune response against the bacteria causing gastroduodenal disorders is poorly understood. Using a guinea pig model mimicking the natural history of H.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Antimicrobial--Pro-Proliferative Peptide Conjugates.

Skin represents the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in its protection from the negative impact of the outside environment, maintains its homeostasis, enables sensory interaction and thermoregulation. The traumatized skin tissue undergoes several phenotype switches due to progressive reoxygenation and release of cytokine and growth factors, that activate mechanisms of reparative processes. However, in case of wounds colonized with pathogenic microflora natural regenerative mechanisms become substantially impaired, that could lead to chronic inflammatory states with non-healing skin lesions.

Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Spores Elicit Th1/Th17-Polarized Immune Response in a Murine Model of Helicobacter pylori Vaccination.

Current progress in research on vaccines against Helicobacter pylori emphasizes the significance of eliciting the Th1/Th17-polarized immune response. Such polarization can be achieved by selection of appropriate antigen and adjuvant. In this study, we wanted to check the polarization of the immune response elicited by UreB protein of Helicobacter acinonychis delivered by recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores upon oral immunization.

Mucosal adjuvant activity of IL-2 presenting spores of bacillus subtilis in a murine model of Helicobacter pylori vaccination.

The endospores of Bacillus subtilis are now widely used as a platform for presentation of heterologous proteins and due to their safety record and high resistance to harsh environmental conditions can be considered as potential vehicles for oral vaccination. In this research we show that recombinant B. subtilis spores presenting a fragment of the Helicobacter acinonychis UreB protein and expressing the ureB gene under vegetative promoter elicit a strong cellular immune response in orally immunized mice when co-administered with spores presenting IL-2.

A system of vectors for Bacillus subtilis spore surface display.

Background: Bacterial spores have been utilized as platforms for protein display. The best studied display systems are based on Bacillus subtilis spores in which several coat proteins have successfully been used as anchors for heterologous protein. Increasing knowledge about spore coat structure enables selection of new anchor proteins such as CotZ and CgeA.

The tandem Mannich-electrophilic amination reaction: a versatile platform for fluorescent probing and labeling.

Tandem fluorogenic reaction: A new platform for the direct, selective and sensitive detection of formaldehyde and/or secondary aliphatic amines, based on a tandem Mannich-electrophilic amination reaction, is described. Biological applications of hydrophilic, water-soluble fluorescent 2,2-dialkyl-2,3-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2-ium-8-carboxylates (Safarinium P probes) are exemplified by labeling of the amine-containing Ac-AKF-NH2 peptide and Bacillus subtilis spores in aqueous solution.

A genome-wide transcriptional profiling of sporulating Bacillus subtilis strain lacking PrpE protein phosphatase.

The sporulation process is a complex genetic developmental program leading to profound changes in global gene expression profile. In this work, we have applied genome-wide microarray approach for transcriptional profiling of Bacillus subtilis strain lacking a gene coding for PrpE protein phosphatase. This protein was previously shown to be involved in the regulation of germination of B.

Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis MB73/2, a Soil Isolate Inhibiting the Growth of Plant Pathogens Dickeya spp. and Rhizoctonia solani.

Bacillus subilis MB73/2 is a Gram-positive bacterium isolated in Poland from a meadow soil sample. When tested in vitro, the strain shows strong antagonism toward plant pathogens-the soft rot-causing bacteria Dickeya spp. and the crown rot fungus Rhizoctonia solani.