Social Norms Regarding Alcohol Use, Perceptions of Alcohol Advertisement and Intent to Drink Alcohol among Youth in Uganda.

The objective of this paper is to address the scarcity of research on alcohol marketing exposure and underage drinking in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines perceptions of alcohol advertisements and perceived peer, adult, and parental attitudes regarding alcohol use and intentions to drink among vulnerable youth. The Kampala Youth Survey is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 with service-seeking youth (ages 12-18 years) living in the slums of Kampala (n=1,134) who were participating in Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers.

Sodium alginate and its modified counterpart as sustainable-based corrosion inhibitors for N80 pipeline carbon steel: Experimental and theoretical approach.

Sodium alginate is a highly promising biopolymer for use as an eco-friendly/green corrosion inhibitor (CI), despite its limited solubility. In this study, a green and water-soluble modified sodium alginate (MSA) salt was synthesized and employed as a CI on pipeline N80 carbon steel (N80CS) in artificial sea water (ASW) medium. Various analytical tools related to surface and structure were utilized to describe the properties of the newly synthesized MSA polymer.

Water-soluble chitosan salt as ecofriendly corrosion inhibitor for N80 pipeline steel in artificial sea water: Experimental and theoretical approach.

Chitosan, as a proficient biopolymer, has enormous potential as an ecofriendly corrosion inhibitor (CI), but their limited solubility restricts practical applications. Herein, an eco-friendly and water-soluble chitosan salt (CS) was utilized as a green CI on N80 pipeline steel in artificial sea water. Several structural and surface analytical tools were engaged in describing the characteristics of novel CS polymer.

Research Capacity and Needs for Alcohol-Related Harm Prevention in West Africa: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Survey of Stakeholders.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine capacity and resource needs for alcohol prevention research among stakeholders across nine countries in West Africa.

Method: We analyzed a cross-sectional survey conducted in the fall of 2020, distributed by the West African Alcohol Policy Alliance to their member alliances and stakeholders across nine countries in West Africa. Fifteen survey questions assessed research capacity and priorities related to alcohol prevention and harm locally and in the region.

Heavy drinking and problem drinking among youth in Uganda: A structural equation model of alcohol marketing, advertisement perceptions and social norms.

Introduction: To determine the role of alcohol marketing, perceptions of marketing and social norms on heavy alcohol use and problem drinking among vulnerable youth in Uganda.

Methods: The Kampala Youth Survey is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 with service-seeking youth (ages 12-18 years) living in the slums of Kampala (n = 1134) who were participating in Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centres. Survey measures assessed perceptions of alcohol advertisements, social norms regarding alcohol use, heavy alcohol use and problem drinking.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Alcohol Treatment Access and Harm Prevention in West Africa: Reports from NGOs and Community-Based Organizations.

Background: Recent research highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted alcohol consumption patterns, yet research thus far has largely overlooked the experience in West Africa. Research also has not addressed how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected access to alcohol treatment, support, and alcohol harm prevention. This study addresses this research gap in West Africa, a low-resource setting with a very high burden of alcohol harm.

A readiness assessment for the prevention of alcohol-related harm in West Africa: A new methodological approach to inform practice and policy.

Objective: Alcohol-related harm is a growing concern globally and particularly in West Africa. However, tools for assessing the readiness for prevention of alcohol-related harm in low-resource settings have been lacking. We modified the WHO tool, the Readiness Assessment for the Prevention of Child Maltreatment Short Form (RAP-CM), to assess readiness for the prevention of alcohol-related harm across West Africa.

Developing an alcohol harm prevention research agenda in West Africa: a mixed methods approach.

Research on alcohol use and its associated harm is scarce in West Africa. To mitigate the knowledge gap and to build momentum for future research, we determined research priorities for alcohol prevention among stakeholders across nine countries in West Africa. We analyzed a cross-sectional survey conducted in the fall of 2020, distributed by the West African Alcohol Policy Alliance (WAAPA).

Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: a population-based study.

Background: Alcohol use is causally linked to multiple cancers. We present global, regional, and national estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer burden in 2020 to inform alcohol policy and cancer control across different settings globally.

Methods: In this population-based study, population attributable fractions (PAFs) calculated using a theoretical minimum-risk exposure of lifetime abstention and 2010 alcohol consumption estimates from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (assuming a 10-year latency period between alcohol consumption and cancer diagnosis), combined with corresponding relative risk estimates from systematic literature reviews as part of the WCRF Continuous Update Project, were applied to cancer incidence data from GLOBOCAN 2020 to estimate new cancer cases attributable to alcohol.

Date palm leaves extract as a green and sustainable corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in 15 wt.% HCl solution: the role of extraction solvent on inhibition effect.

Date palm leaves (DPL) was extracted using acetone (ACE), ethanol (ETH), aqueous (AE), butanol (BUT), methanol (METH), isopropanol (ISO), and ethyl acetate (EHY ACT). The extracts were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The various solvent DPL extracts were screened for anticorrosion property against low carbon steel in 15 wt.

Alcohol consumption, harms and policy developments in sub-Saharan Africa: The case for stronger national and regional responses.

Issues: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has long been characterised as a region with weak alcohol policies, high proportions of abstainers and heavy episodic drinkers (among drinkers), and as a target for market expansion by global alcohol producers. However, inter-regional analyses of these issues are seldom conducted.

Approach: Focusing mainly on the period 2000-2016, we compare alcohol consumption and harms, alcohol policy developments and alcohol industry activities over time and across the four sub-regions of SSA.

Chromeno-carbonitriles as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution: electrochemical, surface and computational studies.

Three novel -hydrospiro-chromeno-carbonitriles namely, 2-amino-7,7-dimethyl-1',3',5-trioxo-1',3',5,6,7,8-hexahydrospiro[chromene-4,2'-indene]-3-carbonitrile (INH-1), 3-amino-7,7-dimethyl-2',5-dioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrospiro[chromene-4,3'-indoline]-2-carbonitrile (INH-2) and 3'-amino-7',7'-dimethyl-2,5'-dioxo-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydro-2-spiro[acenaphthylene-1,4'-chromene]-2'-carbonitrile (INH-3) were synthesized using the principles of green chemistry and applied as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic medium using computational simulations and experimental methods. Experimental and computational studies revealed that inhibition effectiveness of the INHs followed the sequence: INH-3 (95.32%) > INH-2 (93.

The Prevalence and Context of Alcohol Use, Problem Drinking and Alcohol-Related Harm among Youth Living in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda.

Background: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence and context of alcohol use, problem drinking and alcohol-related harm among boys and girls in the slums of Kampala, Uganda.

Methods: The Kampala Youth Survey is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 among youth (ages 12-18 years) living in the slums of Kampala ( = 1133) who were participating in Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL) centers. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in alcohol use behaviors between 1) gender (boys vs.

Preparation of Silver/Chitosan Nanofluids Using Selected Plant Extracts: Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Chitosan/silver nanofluids were prepared using (DPLE) or (HEL) extracts as the reducing agent, characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antimicrobial effect of the nanofluids against Gram positive, Bacillus licheniformis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus luteus, and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas citronellolis, and Escherichia coli bacteria has been studied. The nanoparticles were polydispersed in the chitosan matrix and are highly stable.

Exploration of natural polymers for use as green corrosion inhibitors for AZ31 magnesium alloy in saline environment.

Seven natural polymers namely, chitosan (CHI), dextran (Dex), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium alginate (ALG), pectin (PEC), hydroxylethyl cellulose (HEC), and Gum Arabic (GA) were screened for anticorrosion property towards AZ31 Mg alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution.

The Risk Environment for Adopting and Continuing Injecting Drug Use: A Qualitative Study in Uyo, Nigeria.

: The bulk of research on adoption of injecting is from Europe and America, despite the existence of syndemics of drug injecting, HIV, and viral hepatitis globally. : This study explores adoption and continuation of injecting drug use. : The study draws on in-depth interviews with 41 ( = 41) current male and female people who inject drugs recruited snow-ball sampling in Uyo, Nigeria.

Electrochemical kinetics, molecular dynamics, adsorption and anticorrosion behavior of melatonin biomolecule on steel surface in acidic medium.

Electrochemical, anticorrosion and adsorption behaviour of bio-based melatonin (MEL) in 5% HCl solution was investigated by experimental and theoretical approaches. MEL was found to possess high adsorptive capacity for steel surface and inhibits the acid corrosion. With a concentration of 10 mM, inhibition efficiency of 98.

The social location of harm from others' drinking in 10 societies.

Aims: Survey data from 10 diverse countries were used to analyse the social location of harms from others' drinking: which segments of the population are more likely to be adversely affected by such harm, and how does this differ between societies?

Methods: General-population surveys in Australia, Chile, India, Laos, New Zealand, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United States and Vietnam, with a primary focus on the social location of the harmed person by gender, age groups, rural/urban residence and drinking status. Harms from known drinkers were analysed separately from harms from strangers.

Results: In all sites, risky or moderate drinkers were more likely than abstainers to report harm from the drinking of known drinkers, with risky drinkers the most likely to report harm.

Exploration of Dextran for Application as Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel in Strong Acid Environment: Effect of Molecular Weight, Modification, and Temperature on Efficiency.

The possibility of utilizing dextran as a green corrosion inhibitor for steel in strong acid environment was explore using weight loss, electrochemical (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and linear polarization (LPR)) supported with surface analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The effect of molecular weight, temperature, and modification on the inhibition efficiency of dextran was also studied. Results from all the applied techniques reveal that dextran exhibit moderate anticorrosion property toward St37-2 steel dissolution in 15% HSO solution.

Isoxazolidine derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for low carbon steel in HCl solution: experimental, theoretical and effect of KI studies.

Two isoxazolidine derivatives namely 5-(benzo[][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2-tetradecyl isoxazolidine (BDMTI) and 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2-tetradecyl isoxazolidine (HMBTI) were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, C-NMR, H-NMR, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for API 5L X60 steel in 1 M HCl in the temperature range of 25-60 °C using gravimetric and electrochemical (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) and Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR)) techniques. The effect of addition of a small amount of iodide ions on the corrosion inhibition performance of the compounds was also assessed.

Sodium alginate: A promising biopolymer for corrosion protection of API X60 high strength carbon steel in saline medium.

Sodium alginate (SA), a polysaccharide biopolymer, has been studied as an effective inhibitor against the corrosion of API X60 steel in neutral 3.5% NaCl using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques (OCP, EIS and EFM). The inhibition efficiency of the SA increased with concentration but was lower at higher temperature (70°C).

,'-Dialkylcystine Gemini and Monomeric -Alkyl Cysteine Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors on Mild Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl Solution: A Comparative Study.

Gemini surfactant, ,'-dialkylcystine 2(CCys), derived from cystine, and a monomeric -alkyl cysteine counterpart, (CCys), were synthesized and purified. The characterization of surfactants 2(CCys) and (CCys) was made by Fourier transform infrared, H NMR, and elemental analysis. The effect of 2(CCys) and (CCys) on mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl solution was explored as a function of their concentration and electrolyte temperature by means of gravimetric and electrochemical experiments (potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), surface analytical techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)) and theoretical study.

DFT study of the interactions between thiophene-based corrosion inhibitors and an Fe cluster.

Understanding the physicochemical properties of corrosion inhibitors and their chemical interactions with metal surfaces is crucial to the design of improved (i.e., more efficient) corrosion inhibitors.

Toward understanding the anticorrosive mechanism of some thiourea derivatives for carbon steel corrosion: A combined DFT and molecular dynamics investigation.

The mutually corroborated density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methodology were employed to evaluate the inhibition performance of three thiourea derivatives (Inh1, Inh2, and Inh3) on carbon steel corrosion. Experimental results have shown that the corrosion rate follows the order: Inh3>Inh2>Inh1. Quantum chemical descriptors such as the frontier orbital energies (E and E), the energy gap between E and E (ΔE), dipole moment (μ), and Fukui index have been calculated and discussed.