Determinants of peer education on sexual and reproductive health and rights among in-school adolescents in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Background: Peer education has contributed to increased knowledge and preventive behaviors of adolescents toward reproductive health matters with the unique feature of maintaining peer-to-peer learning ability and sustaining intervention gains. This study examined the factors that predict the agency of in-school adolescents as peer educators on the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of adolescents.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 257 adolescent boys and girls, purposively selected from six public secondary schools that had received a package of interventions that aimed to improve peer-to-peer education on SRHR in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Understanding evidence ecosystems: What influences the production, translation, and use of modeled evidence in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, India, and Kenya?

Background: This study sought to document and understand facilitators and barriers to producing, translating, and using modeled evidence in decision-making in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, India, and Kenya. We explored researcher-decision-maker engagement mechanisms as key facilitators of evidence use, with a focus on knowledge brokers and boundary organizations.

Methods: The study used sequential mixed methods drawing on data collected from surveys and key informant interviews, complemented by a rapid desk review to map modeling activities and actors.

Cost-benefit analysis of haemodialysis in patients with end-stage kidney disease in Abuja, Nigeria.

Background: Significant gaps in scholarship on the cost-benefit analysis of haemodialysis exist in low-middle-income countries, including Nigeria. The study, therefore, assessed the cost-benefit of haemodialysis compared with comprehensive conservative care (CCC) to determine if haemodialysis is socially worthwhile and justifies public funding in Nigeria.

Methods: The study setting is Abuja, Nigeria.

Willingness to pay for haemodialysis among patients with chronic kidney disease in Abuja, Nigeria.

Background: Evidence of willingness to pay for kidney replacement therapy is scarce in low-middle-income countries, including Nigeria's Formal Sector Social Health Insurance Programme. The study, therefore, assessed the willingness to pay for haemodialysis among chronic kidney disease patients in Abuja, Nigeria.

Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design.

Cost analysis of the management of end-stage renal disease patients in Abuja, Nigeria.

Background: Although the treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under Nigeria's National Health Insurance Authority is haemodialysis (HD), the cost of managing ESRD is understudied in Nigeria. Therefore, this study estimated the provider and patient direct costs of haemodialysis and managing ESRD in Abuja, Nigeria.

Method: The study was a cross-sectional survey from both healthcare provider and consumer perspectives.

Analysis of the availability, effectiveness and equity of deployment of resources in the health system response to COVID-19 in Nigeria.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposed weaknesses in the health systems of countries such as Nigeria, which affected the effectiveness of the health system response to the pandemic. This paper provides new knowledge on the level of the availability, effectiveness and equity of resources in response to COVID-19 in Nigeria. This is valuable information for improving the delivery of countermeasures against future pandemics.

Evaluating a capacity development intervention in health economics among producers and users of evidence in Nigeria: a case study in Getting Research Into Policy and Practice (GRIPP) in Anambra State.

Background: The use of research evidence to inform policy and practice cannot be overemphasized especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). To promote the use of research evidence in the provision of health services for enhanced effective control of communicable diseases in developing countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with the Health Policy Research Group (HPRG) commissioned a capacity development workshop in health economics among producers and users of research evidence in the healthcare system of Anambra state, south east Nigeria. This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of the workshop training on selected stakeholders on the use of health economics evidence to inform health policy and practice in the state.

Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning.

Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 × 5-km resolution across Africa.

Complications of traditional bonesetting in contemporary fracture care in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

Objective: To provide an overview of the evidence on the prevalence and pattern of complications among patients treated by traditional bonesetting presenting for modern orthopaedic services in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods: Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and Web of Science using the keywords "fracture care", "traditional bonesetters" and "complications".

Willingness to Pay for a Contributory Social Health Insurance Scheme: A Survey of Rural Residents in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Health insurance is seen as a pathway to achieving Universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries. The Nigeria Government has mandated states to set up social health insurance as a mechanism to offer financial protection to her citizens. However, the design of these schemes has been left to individual states.

Direct and Indirect Costs of Non-surgical Treatment for Acute Tonsillitis in Children in Southeast Nigeria.

Background: Acute tonsillitis has become one of the main reasons why children visit healthcare facilities in Nigeria. Presently, there is no information on the costs of its treatment, and this study aimed at determining these costs.

Methods: The study was conducted in two hospitals located in southeast Nigeria.

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.

Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation.

Cost analysis of supplemental immunization activities to deliver measles immunization to children in Anambra state, south-east Nigeria.

Background: Measles immunization is critical for reducing the societal burden of the disease, especially among children. However, the costs of the measles supplemental immunization activities, which are the main vaccine deployment strategy, are usually high and financing such immunization activities is a serious challenge in Nigeria. In Nigeria, little or no information exists on the costs of measles supplemental immunization activity for planning and sustenance of immunization programmes.

Is bed turnover rate a good metric for hospital scale efficiency? A measure of resource utilization rate for hospitals in Southeast Nigeria.

Background: Nigeria health sector, like that of other sub-Saharan African countries, increasingly faces critical resource constraints. Thus, there is need to seek for ways of improving efficient use of scarce health resources. The aim of this study was to determine resource utilization rate of teaching hospitals in Southeast Nigeria as a means of estimating their efficiency.

Impact of socioeconomic status on patient experience on quality of care for ambulatory healthcare services in tertiary hospitals in Southeast Nigeria.

Background: To determine how socioeconomic factors, such as level of education and employment status, affect patient experiences on quality of care for ambulatory healthcare services in teaching hospitals in southeast Nigeria.

Methods: The study is of a cross-sectional design and exit poll was used to collect its data. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to clients accessing care in the outpatient departments of three tertiary hospitals in Nigeria.

Patients with positive malaria tests not given artemisinin-based combination therapies: a research synthesis describing under-prescription of antimalarial medicines in Africa.

Background: There has been a successful push towards parasitological diagnosis of malaria in Africa, mainly with rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs), which has reduced over-prescribing of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) to malaria test-negative patients. The effect on prescribing for test-positive patients has received much less attention. Malaria infection in endemic Africa is often most dangerous for young children and those in low-transmission settings.

Morbidity and mortality from road injuries: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Background: The global burden of road injuries is known to follow complex geographical, temporal and demographic patterns. While health loss from road injuries is a major topic of global importance, there has been no recent comprehensive assessment that includes estimates for every age group, sex and country over recent years.

Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study to report incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years for all locations in the GBD 2017 hierarchy from 1990 to 2017 for road injuries.

Achieving financial risk protection through a national Social Health Insurance Programme in Nigeria: Perspectives of enrollees and healthcare providers.

Introduction: Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment adversely affects universal financial risk protection (UFRP) and the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Since the introduction of a Formal Sector Social Health Insurance Programme (FSSHIP) in Nigeria, the extent to which it has provided UFRP is still largely unknown. This study therefore assessed this from the perspectives of both enrollees and healthcare providers.

Scaling up Maternal and Child Healthcare Delivery among Mission Hospitals in Southeast Nigeria: An Empirical Application of Data Envelopment Analysis for Setting Benchmarks and Targets.

The health system in many parts of Nigeria has been dysfunctional in several domains including financing, human resources, infrastructure, health management information system and hospital services. In an attempt to scale up Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services and ensure efficiency, Ebonyi State Government in Southeast Nigeria provided funding to mission hospitals across the State as a grant. This study used nonparametric method to assess the effect of this public financing on the efficiency of the mission hospitals.

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends.

Governance of tuberculosis control programme in Nigeria.

Background: The role of governance in strengthening tuberculosis (TB) control has received little research attention. This review provides evidence of how institutional designs and organisational practices influence implementation of the national TB control programme (NTP) in Nigeria.

Main Text: We conducted a scoping review using a five-stage framework to review published and grey literature in English, on implementation of Nigeria's NTP and identified themes related to governance using a health system governance framework.