Anxiety connects social media use to food and alcohol disturbance and disordered eating when social support is low.

Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is an understudied form of disordered eating, in which the consumption of calories is restricted in preparation for drinking alcohol. Guided by previous literature, the present study examined the direct, indirect, and interactive relationships between social media use, anxiety, social support, FAD, and disordered eating among young adults. Recruited from a large southwestern public university, the sample included 679 undergraduate students who completed an online survey in spring of 2022 and who indicated that they consume alcohol and are 18 to 29 years old.

Orthorexia nervosa symptomatology in the LGBTQ community: Gender and sexual orientation differences.

This study investigated whether gender and sexual minority groups exhibit differences in orthorexia nervosa (ON) symptomatology compared to cisgender, straight individuals. A sample of 441 non-clinical participants (65 % White, mean age = 27) reported their gender (104 cisgender men, 229 cisgender women, 28 transgender men, 27 transgender women, 53 nonbinary) and sexual orientation (144 straight, 45 gay, 54 lesbian, 105 bisexual/pansexual, 68 queer), and completed the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory. The LGBTQ group exhibited greater ON symptomatology compared to the cisgender, straight group.

The dark triad moderates the association between orthorexia nervosa and relationship (dis)satisfaction.

Purpose: Past research has revealed a link between orthorexia nervosa (ON) and relationship dissatisfaction, which has in turn been found to be correlated with the Dark Triad traits. The current study investigated the association ON has with seeking out relationships and with relationship satisfaction, while also assessing a potential moderating effect of the Dark Triad.

Methods: Recruited from Reddit forums, 788 adults (74% female, 67% White, 63% aged 25-30 years) completed an online survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI), Short Dark Triad (SD3), and Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS).

Detecting Selection in the HIV-1 Genome during Sexual Transmission Events.

Little is known about whether and how variation in the HIV-1 genome affects its transmissibility. Assessing which genomic features of HIV-1 are under positive or negative selection during transmission is challenging, because very few virus particles are typically transmitted, and random genetic drift can dilute genetic signals in the recipient virus population. We analyzed 30 transmitter-recipient pairs from the Zurich Primary HIV Infection Study and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study using near full-length HIV-1 genomes.

Orthorexia nervosa and executive dysfunction: symptomatology is related to difficulties with behavioral regulation.

Purpose: This research explored whether orthorexia nervosa is associated with deficits in executive function.

Methods: A non-clinical sample of participants (n = 405; 80% women, 53% white, mean age = 24, mean body mass index = 25) completed the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A).

Results: ONI scores were weakly to moderately correlated with all BRIEF-A scales (p < 0.

Orthorexia nervosa and substance use for the purposes of weight control, conformity, and emotional coping.

Purpose: Orthorexia nervosa (ON), characterized by extreme behaviors driven by the goal of eating only healthy and pure foods, could plausibly be associated with avoidance of nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drugs. However, findings from the limited research on these relationships are mixed, and other eating disorders are associated with greater substance abuse.

Method: An online survey was completed by 471 participants (86% women, mean age = 20) recruited from undergraduate courses and through an Instagram advertisement.

Are orthorexia nervosa symptoms associated with deficits in inhibitory control?

Purpose: This study explored whether inhibitory control is associated with symptoms of orthorexia nervosa, a condition that involves substantial behavioral control in regard to healthy eating.

Method: Participants (50 women, 13 men) completed the Eating Habits Questionnaire as a measure of orthorexia symptomatology, along with computerized versions of the Go/No-Go Task, Flanker Task, and Stroop Task.

Results: Orthorexia symptomatology did not correlate with either percent error or response time for any of the three tasks (all p's > 0.

Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI): development and validation of a new measure of orthorexic symptomatology.

Purpose: To overcome the problems associated with existing measures of orthorexia, we assessed the reliability and validity of a new measure: the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI).

Method: An online survey was completed by 847 people recruited from undergraduate nutrition and psychology courses and from advertisements in Facebook and Instagram targeting both healthy eaters (with keywords such as "clean eating" and "healthy eating") and normal eaters (with keywords such as "delicious food" and "desserts").

Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors with 9 items assessing behaviors and preoccupation with healthy eating, 10 items assessing physical and psychosocial impairments, and 5 items assessing emotional distress.

Health beliefs, behaviors, and symptoms associated with orthorexia nervosa.

Purpose: This research explored whether symptoms of orthorexia nervosa (ON), a condition involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors regarding healthy eating, are associated with differences pertaining to use of nutritional supplements and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques, to health locus of control, and to symptoms of poor physical health.

Method: An anonymous online survey assessing the variables above was completed by college students at a university in the southern United States: 47 in the ON symptoms group, 50 in the healthy-eating control group, and 83 in the normal-eating control group.

Results: Compared to both control groups, the ON symptoms group reported greater supplement use and CAM participation, more reasons for these behaviors for the purpose of improving psychological health (i.

Are orthorexia nervosa symptoms associated with cognitive Inflexibility?

This study investigated whether symptoms of orthorexia nervosa, a conjectured disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors regarding healthy eating, are associated with cognitive inflexibility. Participants (25 in the orthorexia symptoms group, 25 in the control group) completed the Eating Habits Questionnaire and computerized versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Trail Making Test. Of the 11 variable measurements from these cognitive tests, only one significantly differed between the groups, with the orthorexia symptoms group making more errors than the control group on the first part of the Trail Making Test that does not actually require any set shifting.

Orthorexia symptoms correlate with perceived muscularity and body fat, not BMI.

Purpose: This study explored how different body-type measures relate to orthorexia symptomatology.

Method: Participants were 465 undergraduates, who completed an online survey with self-reported height and weight items, a muscularity figure rating scale, a body fat figure rating scale, and the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ; Gleaves, Graham, & Ambwani, 2013).

Results: BMI was not significantly related to any of the EHQ subscale scores.

Effects of Cogmed working memory training on cognitive performance.

Research on the cognitive benefits of working memory training programs has produced inconsistent results. Such research has frequently used laboratory-specific training tasks, or dual-task n-back training. The current study used the commercial Cogmed Working Memory (WM) Training program, involving several different training tasks involving visual and auditory input.

Orthorexic eating behaviors related to exercise addiction and internal motivations in a sample of university students.

Purpose: This research explored the exercise tendencies and motivations of individuals varying in orthorexia symptomatology.

Method: Participants were 411 university students, who completed the Eating Habits Questionnaire alongside measures of exercise activity and addiction in Study 1 (a modified version of the Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, and the Compulsive Exercise Test) and various exercise motivations in Study 2 (the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire and the Exercise Motivations Inventory-2).

Results: Orthorexia symptomatology was positively correlated with aerobic and strength-training exercise levels; all measures of exercise addiction; all measures of internal exercise motivation; and nearly all measures of exercise motivation for the purposes of psychological, social, health, and body improvement.

Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of an adapted Wolf motor function test for older patients with shoulder injuries.

Background And Objective: The Wolf motor function test (WMFT) evaluates the upper extremity performance of patients with neurological disorders and traumatic brain injuries by assessing time and functional capacity. It was later modified to also measure the quality of the performed movements. This study aimed to adapt the WMFT for patients with shoulder injuries and to evaluate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of this adapted version.

Delineating CD4 dependency of HIV-1: Adaptation to infect low level CD4 expressing target cells widens cellular tropism but severely impacts on envelope functionality.

A hallmark of HIV-1 infection is the continuously declining number of the virus' predominant target cells, activated CD4+ T cells. With diminishing CD4+ T cell levels, the capacity to utilize alternate cell types and receptors, including cells that express low CD4 receptor levels such as macrophages, thus becomes crucial. To explore evolutionary paths that allow HIV-1 to acquire a wider host cell range by infecting cells with lower CD4 levels, we dissected the evolution of the envelope-CD4 interaction under in vitro culture conditions that mimicked the decline of CD4high target cells, using a prototypic subtype B, R5-tropic strain.

Orthorexia nervosa: Assessment and correlates with gender, BMI, and personality.

This study investigated whether orthorexia nervosa (ON; characterized by an obsessive fixation on eating healthy) may be predicted from the demographics variables of gender and BMI, and from the personality variables of self-esteem, narcissism, and perfectionism. Participants were 459 college students, who completed several online questionnaires that assessed these variables. A principal components analysis confirmed that the Eating Habits Questionnaire (Gleaves, Graham, & Ambwani, 2013) assesses three internally-consistent ON components: healthy eating behaviors, problems resulting from those behaviors, and positive feelings associated with those behaviors.

Tracing HIV-1 transmission: envelope traits of HIV-1 transmitter and recipient pairs.

Background: Mucosal HIV-1 transmission predominantly results in a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus establishing infection in the new host despite the generally high genetic diversity of the transmitter virus population. To what extent HIV-1 transmission is a stochastic process or driven by selective forces that allow T/F viruses best to overcome bottlenecks in transmission has not been conclusively resolved. Building on prior investigations that suggest HIV-1 envelope (Env) features to contribute in the selection process during transmission, we compared phenotypic virus characteristics of nine HIV-1 subtype B transmission pairs, six men who have sex with men and three male-to-female transmission pairs.

Identifying rural food deserts: Methodological considerations for food environment interventions.

Objectives: Food insecurity in an important public health issue and affects 13% of Canadian households. It is associated with poor accessibility to fresh, diverse and affordable food products. However, measurement of the food environment is challenging in rural settings since the proximity of food supply sources is unevenly distributed.

Predicting Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use From Preferential Music Consumption.

This study investigated whether use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana may be predicted from preferential consumption of particular music genres. Undergraduates (257 women and 78 men) completed a questionnaire assessing these variables. Partial correlation analyses, controlling for sensation-seeking tendencies and behaviors, revealed that listening to conventional music (pop, country, and religious genres) was negatively correlated with cigarette smoking (p=.

Model development to study strategies of younger and older adults getting up from the floor.

Background: Long lies after a fall remain a public health challenge. Many successful fall prevention programmes have been developed but only few of them include recovery strategies after a fall. Once better understood, such movement strategies could be implemented into training interventions.

A novel Acute Retroviral Syndrome Severity Score predicts the key surrogate markers for HIV-1 disease progression.

Objective: Best long-term practice in primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) remains unknown for the individual. A risk-based scoring system associated with surrogate markers of HIV-1 disease progression could be helpful to stratify patients with PHI at highest risk for HIV-1 disease progression.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 290 individuals with well-documented PHI in the Zurich Primary HIV-1 Infection Study, an open-label, non-randomized, observational, single-center study.