Successful treatment of Fusarium solani anterior chamber involvement secondary to contact lens associated corneal ulcer with intracameral Amphotericin B.

spp. are leading fungal pathogenes in contact lens associated keratitis and may evoke endophthalmitis. Since spp.

[Glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure].

Background: Glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure is a rare and difficult to treat form of secondary open angle glaucoma.

Objective: The pathophysiology, clinical findings, differential diagnosis and treatment options are discussed. Radius-Maumenee syndrome, Sturge-Weber syndrome and carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas are covered in particular.

Comparing Alternative Ranibizumab Dosages for Safety and Efficacy in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are a novel treatment option in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Data on dosing, efficacy, and safety are insufficient.

Objective: To investigate lower doses of anti-VEGF therapy with ranibizumab, a substance with a significantly shorter systemic half-life than the standard treatment, bevacizumab.

[Evaluation of Ophthalmic Follow-up Care of Former Pre-term and Full-term Infants Aged from 4 to 10 Years in Germany - Results of the Wiesbaden Prematurity Study (WPS)].

Background: The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the ophthalmic follow-up care of former pre-term and full-term born infants aged 4 to 10 years in the clinical practice and the comparison to the recommendations of the national ophthalmic guidelines.

Methods: For the prospective Wiesbaden Prematurity Study (WPS), 503 infants were examined: 239 former pre-term infants (PT) with gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks and 264 former full-term born infants (FT) with a GA ≥ 37 weeks aged 4 to 10 years. Ophthalmic examination was performed including refractive measurements and orthoptic examination.

EFFECT OF PATIENTS' CLINICAL INFORMATION ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF AND DECISION TO TREAT RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of patients' clinical information on experts' diagnoses of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and decisions to treat.

Methods: Seven experts assessed wide-field fundus photographs of eyes of 52 premature infants of ≤30 weeks' gestational age or ≤1,500 g birthweight (BW) for ROP diagnosis (stage, plus disease, and aggressive posterior ROP) and the necessity for treatment for 2 days. On Day 1, they were masked to all patient data.

Axial Length and Anterior Segment Alterations in Former Preterm Infants and Full-Term Neonates Analyzed With Scheimpflug Imaging.

Purpose: To compare the axial length and anterior segment alterations in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity with those of full-term infants.

Methods: The Wiesbaden Prematurity Study investigated 503 participants of former gestational age ≤32 weeks and gestational age ≥37 weeks now being aged 4 to 10 years. This study included 485 participants in the prospective controlled cross-sectional, hospital-based study with successful Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging.

Clinical Features and Outcome of Paediatric Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical features and outcome of paediatric retinal detachment (RD).

Methods: Ninety-five eyes of 87 children under 18 years of age with RD were assessed. The risk factors, morphology of RD, therapeutic approach and functional results were evaluated.

[Preoperative therapy switch before glaucoma filtration surgery : Influence of the systemic antiglaucomatous and local antiphlogistic therapy on the intraocular pressure].

Background: The preoperative switch from local to systemic antiglaucomatous therapy and the additional application of local antiphlogistic drugs represents an important component of perioperative wound healing modulation within the framework of glaucoma filtration surgery.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) under a maximum local and oral antiglaucomatous therapy with or without additional application of local steroids.

Methods: A retrospective clinical analysis of 121 consecutive patients who underwent primary trabeculectomy for open-angle glaucoma in 2013 and who attended the outpatient clinic at least 3 weeks before surgery was carried out.

[Glaucoma-a common disease].

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to give a review on the epidemiology of the disease, on the importance and the consequences of glaucoma for people regarding their daily life, their ability to work, and quality of life.

Etiology and treatment of choroidal neovascularization in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To assess the etiology, clinical features, and outcome of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in children.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed 10 eyes of 8 patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with CNV. The main clinical parameters included predisposing ocular pathologies, best-corrected visual acuity before and after treatment, characteristics of CNV, and treatment modalities.

[Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the eye].

A lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the conjunctiva was excised in an 80-year-old female patient. The otorhinolaryngeal (ENT) examination did not show any abnormalities and nasopharyngeal or systemic metastases were absent. A strictly controlled clinical follow-up of the excision site was scheduled.

Inter-expert and intra-expert agreement on the diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate inter-expert and intra-expert agreement on the diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Design: Prospective intra- and inter-rater reliability analysis.

Methods: In this multicenter study, 260 wide-field digital photographs of 52 patients were presented to 7 recognized ROP experts on 2 consecutive assessment days 8 weeks apart.

[Intracranial hypertension and jugular vein thrombosis].

Background: Pseudotumor cerebri is an idiopathic increase in intracranial pressure, which commonly affects obese women of fertile age. The diagnostic criteria according to the guidelines of the German Society for Neurology are increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, symptoms of increased CSF pressure, normal results of CSF examination, no relevant medication and a lack of structural and vascular lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Case Report: This article presents the case of a 39-year-old male patient who presented at hospital with visual obscuration and recently occurred double vision.

[Laser treatment or intravitreal VEGF inhibition for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity?].

A prematurely born male infant (24+5 gestational weeks, birth weight 485 g) was diagnosed with bilateral aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (AP-ROP) in zone I. After obtaining informed written consent from the parents, one eye was treated with diode laser photocoagulation and the other eye with 0.25 mg intravitreal ranibizumab.

[Retinal haemorrhages in non-accidental head injury in childhood].

Retinal haemorrhages are one of the three cardinal manifestations of the "shaken baby syndrome" or "non-accidental head injury" in childhood. The role of an ophthalmologist in suspected non-accidental head injury has not only medical but also legal aspects and has been discussed controversially in the literature. The differential diagnosis and the specificity of retinal haemorrhages in childhood for an abusive head trauma will be pointed out in this paper.

[Outcome and complications after trabeculectomy depending on the preoperative intraocular pressure].

Purpose: Trabeculectomy is a frequently used surgical procedure in open-angle glaucomas. The present study analyses the outcome and complications after trabeculectomy or re-trabeculectomy depending on the preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) < 30 mmHg and ≥ 30 mmHg.

Methods: One hundred and eighteen patients were included in this retrospective study.

Optic disc morphology in premature infants.

Background: To date, little is known about the morphology of optic discs in premature infants. However, optic disc morphology and optic nerve development are two factors that potentially influence visual function in infants. Thus we analysed the morphology of the optic disc and its correlation with gestational age and birth weight.

[Ophthalmological screening for retinopathy of prematurity].

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the three leading causes of legal blindness in childhood in developed countries. Adequate screening is one of the most important steps towards successful treatment. During the last decades, international and national guidelines for ROP screening have been continually updated.

[Management of childhood glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome].

Purpose: Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare congenital disorder consisting of cutaneous, leptomeningeal and ocular vascular malformations. Glaucoma occurs in 30-70 % of patients. Treatment is challenging due to a high risk of severe complications such as expulsive haemorrhage, massive choroidal effusion and serous retinal detachment.

[Acute bilateral loss of vision in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome].

We describe the case of a patient from the emergency ophthalmic clinic who presented with sudden, bilateral visual loss, headache and dizziness. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral parieto-occipital vasogenic edema of the white and grey brain matter consistent with the diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). This is a rare cause of sudden bilateral visual loss which describes a condition with bilateral edema of primarily the white but also the grey matter.

Diurnal Intraocular Pressure Profiles in Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate day-and-night intraocular pressure (IOP) profiles in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

Design: Hospital-based clinical observational study.

Methods: The study included 3561 day-and-night profiles of IOP measurements performed by Goldmann applanation tonometry on 1408 eyes of 720 normal Caucasian subjects or chronic open-angle glaucoma patients.

[VEGF antibodies as therapy for retinopathy of prematurity].

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the three leading causes of legal blindness in childhood in the developed countries. Improved neonatal care has resulted in the increased survival of extremely immature infants at high risk to develop ROP. Current treatment for ROP with laser may prevent blindness by causing involution of pathological vessels and thus inhibit the development of retinal detachment.

The effects of midazolam on intraocular pressure in children during examination under sedation.

Background: To obtain reliable and accurate measurements of the intraocular pressure (IOP) in children often requires sedation or anaesthesia. Therefore, we investigated the effects of oral midazolam on IOP in children.

Methods: In a prospective study, IOP was measured in 72 eyes of 36 cooperative children without glaucoma requiring general anaesthesia (mean age 3.

[Dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis in childhood. Causes and therapy].

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to enhance the physician's awareness of dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis in children, to describe the most frequently associated conditions and to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic options available.

Methods: A literature review of the pathogenesis of dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis in children was carried out, clinical cases from our pediatric ophthalmology office are presented as well as therapeutic strategies.

Results: Diseases of the cornea and ocular surface such as dry eye syndrome, neurotrophic keratitis and corneal ulcers are infrequent in children compared to adults.

Circadian intraocular pressure profiles in chronic open angle glaucomas.

Purpose: To evaluate circadian intraocular pressure (IOP) profiles in eyes with different types of chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG) and normal eyes.

Methods: This study included 3,561 circadian IOP profiles obtained from 1,408 eyes of 720 Caucasian individuals including glaucoma patients under topical treatment (1,072 eyes) and normal subjects (336 eyes). IOP profiles were obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometry and included measurements at 7 am, noon, 5 pm, 9 pm, and midnight.