Defining Electronic Health Record Standards for Child Health: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Background: Improving child health using health information technology (IT) requires a unique set of functionalities that are built into the electronic health record (EHR) and are used to support patient care. In this article, we review and discuss the milestones preceding the development of a new child health EHR standard and describe the salient features of this contemporary standard.

Methods And Results: The Health Level Seven Pediatric Care Health IT Functional Profile (HL7 PCHIT FP) is an informative standard that encompasses the EHR functions required to care for patients less than 21 years of age in any clinical setting, developed to address the pediatric-specific functionality gaps in the EHR.

Intensive Care Admissions and Outcome of Cardiac Arrests; A National Cohort Study From the United States.

Objective: Outcomes of cardiac arrest among patients who had cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in intensive care units (ICU) has limited data on the national level basis in the United States. We aimed to study the outcomes of ICU CPRs.

Methods: Data from the national readmissions database (NRD) sample that constitutes 49.

Infective endocarditis surgery timing.

Background: The optimum timing of surgical intervention in complicated left-sided infective endocarditis is not well established. Guidelines from various professional societies are not consistent regarding this. Data concerning this remains limited with conflicting results.

TAVR vs balloon aortic valvotomy for severe aortic stenosis and cardiogenic shock: An insight from the National Inpatient Sample database.

Background: Severe Aortic stenosis (AS) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) represents a grave clinical condition with limited treatment options. Evidence from small observation studies favors that Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) might be a feasible option in these patients in contrast to emergent Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty (BAV) which is associated with very high short and long-term mortality.

Methods: 11,405 hospitalizations with severe AS complicated by CS between 2016 and 2020 were identified using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database, and patients were then stratified according to whether they received TAVR or BAV.

Characteristics, outcomes, and 30-day readmissions following pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the United States: A Nationwide Readmissions Database study.

Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an increasingly used mode of critical care support for pediatric patients refractory to conventional therapy. We evaluated the characteristics, outcomes, and readmissions rates for pediatric ECMO in the United States.

Methods: Data was extracted from the Nationwide Readmissions Database, a database designed to support national readmissions analyses, for patients aged 1-18 years undergoing ECMO between 2012-2018.

Outcomes of Cardiac Arrest with Valve Surgery Among Infective Endocarditis Patients: A United States National Cohort Study.

Objective: Cardiac arrest can complicate infective endocarditis (IE) and is associated with significant in-hospital complications and mortality rates. We report the characteristics, outcomes, and readmission rates for IE patients with cardiac arrest in the United States.

Methods: We surveyed the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD), a database designed to support national level readmission analyses, for patients admitted with IE and who had cardiac arrest during index admission between 2016 and 2019.

Early Neonatal Death Possibly From a Rare Congenital Coronary Artery Anomaly.

We report a term female newborn who presented with bradycardia and weak respiratory efforts immediately after birth. Mother had an uneventful pregnancy and the infant was delivered by cesarean section secondary to arrest of labor. The infant did not respond to the neonatal resuscitation and was declared dead 32 minutes after birth.

Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Outcomes in the United States: A Nationwide Database Cohort Study.

Background Knowledge about the causes and outcomes of pediatric cardiac arrest in the emergency department is limited. The aim of our study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric cardiac arrest in the emergency department (EDCA) and inpatient (IPCA) settings in the United States using a large database designed to provide nationwide estimates. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), a database that includes both ED and inpatient encounters.

Paint-thinner-induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Series and Review.

Occupational health hazards contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of workers in factories. Toluene has become a widely abused inhaled volatile drug. The spectrum of toluene-induced renal injury includes rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinemia, distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, and interstitial nephritis.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Hospitalized with Pneumonia: A Prospective Observational Study.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent in hospitalized patients with critical illness and presents in up to one-quarter of patients with non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), resulting in increased short and long-term mortality. There is a paucity of literature from resource-limited settings regarding the incidence and risk factors for AKI in patients with CAP. In this study, we looked at the incidence and risk factors for AKI in patients hospitalized with CAP in a resource-limited setting This prospective observational study conducted over 1 year period included patients ≥ 18 years of age diagnosed with CAP admitted to a tertiary care center.

Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest: The United States Nationwide Emergency Department Sample.

Background: Literature regarding outcomes of cardiac arrest with associated NSTEMI is limited. We aim to study the predictors and survival outcomes of cardiac arrest patients presenting to the emergency department who were diagnosed with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods: Data from the nationwide emergency department sample (NEDS) that constitutes 20% sample of hospital-owned emergency departments in the United States was analyzed for the cardiac arrest related visits from 2009-2018.

Thrombotic superior vena cava syndrome: a national emergency department database study.

Literature regarding etiology and trends of incidence of major thoracic vein thrombosis in the United States is limited. To study the causes, complications, in-hospital mortality rate, and trend in the incidence of major thoracic vein thrombosis which could have led to superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) between 2010 and 2018. Data from the nationwide emergency department sample (NEDS) that constitutes 20% sample of hospital-owned emergency departments (ED) and in-patient sample in the United States were analyzed using diagnostic codes.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) in Kidney transplant patients: A case series and literature review.

COVID-19 is a novel highly contagious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Immunosuppressed people are at a higher risk for unfavourable outcomes if infected with SARS-CoV-2, as cellular immunity plays a key role in determining the course and outcome in COVID-19. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are thus a distinct subset of the population.

Can the Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) Predict Hospital Length of Stay?

Background: Limited studies have evaluated the utility of scoring systems in the pediatric emergency department (PED) and no studies have evaluated their ability to predict hospital length of stay (LOS) and the usage of Observation units (OUs).

Objective: To evaluate the utility of the Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) in predicting LOS in pediatric patients and thus anticipate admission to an OU versus the pediatric ward.

Methods: A retrospective study of pediatric inpatients (0 to 18 years) at an inner-city community hospital between January 2014 and December 2014.

Initial Fluid Therapy in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A comparison of Hypertonic Saline Solution and Normal Saline Solution.

Introduction: The optimal fluid therapy in children with DKA is a matter of debate, especially if we take into account its association with cerebral edema, the most important complication. Hypertonic Saline Solution is used in the treatment of cerebral edema, and also has been used for volume resuscitation in children with shock.

Aim Of Study: To compare the effects of 3% saline and 0.

Early onset symptomatic neuropathy in a child with Type 1 Diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a major complication of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). It is usually subclinical in childhood, but can cause significant impairment with its progression through to adulthood. Current guidelines vary in their recommendation regarding screening for DN in children with T1DM, with some advocating starting screening 5 years after the diagnosis of T1DM.

Predictors of altered sensorium at admission in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Objective: To predict factors causing altered sensorium at admission in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Methods: This retrospective study was done on 139 children with DKA who presented to Pediatric Emergency of a tertiary care hospital between January 2008 and November 2012. The case records were reviewed and information regarding personal details, clinical features, biochemical parameters and outcome was recorded.

Accurate estimation of body surface area in under-5 children with non-edematous severe acute malnutrition.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of commonly used body surface area (BSA) equations and to devise a new equation for BSA calculation in non-edematous severe acute malnourished (NE-SAM) children.

Methods: Children aged between 2 months and 5 years fulfilling World Health Organization criteria for NE-SAM were included. Seven commonly used equations were used for calculating the BSA.