Mucosal adjuvanticity and mucosal booster effect of colibactin-depleted probiotic membrane vesicles.

There is a growing interest in development of novel vaccines against respiratory tract infections, due to COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we examined mucosal adjuvanticity and the mucosal booster effect of membrane vesicles (MVs) of a novel probiotic derivative lacking both flagella and potentially carcinogenic colibactin (ΔΔ). ΔΔ-derived MVs showed rather strong mucosal adjuvanticity as compared to those of a single flagellar mutant strain (Δ-MVs).

Physicochemical properties as indicators of sensory characteristics of jidori and broiler chicken meat.

To improve the eating quality of chicken, the physicochemical properties were examined, which serve as indicators for breeding. Thigh meat was collected from 384 chickens from seven and nine types of the jidori (free-range local traditional pedigree chickens) or broiler chickens, respectively. The principal component analysis of the physicochemical values of the jidori and broilers were arranged as different groups in the score plot.

Natto consumption suppresses atherosclerotic plaque progression in LDL receptor-deficient mice transplanted with iRFP-expressing hematopoietic cells.

Natto, known for its high vitamin K content, has been demonstrated to suppress atherosclerosis in large-scale clinical trials through a yet-unknown mechanism. In this study, we used a previously reported mouse model, transplanting the bone marrow of mice expressing infra-red fluorescent protein (iRFP) into LDLR-deficient mice, allowing unique and non-invasive observation of foam cells expressing iRFP in atherosclerotic lesions. Using 3 natto strains, we meticulously examined the effects of varying vitamin K levels on atherosclerosis in these mice.

Complete genome sequence of JCM 10645 isolated from a human stool sample.

JCM 10645 is an obligately anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated from a human stool sample, generally known as a bacterium associated with sepsis, bacteremia, halitosis, and periodontal disease. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which is 2.615 Mbp with a 37.

biofilms enhance oil degradation by interfacial tubulation.

During the consumption of alkanes, will form a biofilm around an oil droplet, but the role this plays during degradation remains unclear. We identified a shift in biofilm morphology that depends on adaptation to oil consumption: Longer exposure leads to the appearance of dendritic biofilms optimized for oil consumption effected through tubulation of the interface. In situ microfluidic tracking enabled us to correlate tubulation to localized defects in the interfacial cell ordering.

Identification of a Novel Gene Involved in Cell-to-cell Communication-induced Cell Death and eDNA Production in Streptococcus mutans.

Streptococcus mutans is a major caries-causing bacterium that forms firmly attached biofilms on tooth surfaces. Biofilm formation by S. mutans consists of polysaccharide-dependent and polysaccharide-independent processes.

Porous Pellicle Formation of a Filamentous Bacterium, .

The bacterium Leptothrix cholodnii generates filaments encased in a sheath comprised of woven nanofibrils. In static liquid culture, moves toward the air-liquid interface, where it forms porous pellicles. Observations of aggregation at the interface reveal that clusters consisting of only a few bacteria primarily grow by netting free cells.

Physical Properties and Shifting of the Extracellular Membrane Vesicles Attached to Living Bacterial Cell Surfaces.

Bacterial cells release nanometer-sized extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) to deliver cargo molecules for use in mediating various biological processes. However, the detailed processes of transporting these cargos from MVs to recipient cells remain unclear because of the lack of imaging techniques to image nanometer-sized fragile vesicles in a living bacterial cell surface. Herein, we quantitatively demonstrated that the direct binding of MV to the cell surface significantly promotes hydrophobic quorum-sensing signal (C16-HSL) transportation to the recipient cells.

Cerebral blood flow abnormalities with central sparing on arterial spin labeling in mild encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity: a case report.

Background: Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) and mild encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity (MEEX) are the most frequent acute encephalopathies in pediatric patients in Japan. AESD typically presents with biphasic seizures and delayed reduced diffusion in the subcortical area, called bright tree appearance (BTA), on radiological examination. In patients with AESD, arterial spin labeling (ASL) shows decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the hyperacute stage and increased CBF in the acute stage, suggesting the usefulness of ASL for the early diagnosis of AESD.

Visualization and characterization of spore morphogenesis in Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC39564.

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a spore-forming Gram-positive bacterial species. Both its sporulation process and the spore properties are poorly understood. Here, we investigated sporulation in P.

Gut environment changes due to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer.

Background: It is estimated that by 2040 there will be 1,017,712 new cases of prostate cancer worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely used as a treatment option for all disease stages. ADT, and the resulting decline in androgen levels, may indirectly affect gut microbiota.

Membrane Vesicles Derived From and Related Clostridial Species Induce Innate Immune Responses MyD88/TRIF Signaling .

produces botulinum neurotoxin complexes that cause botulism. Previous studies elucidated the molecular pathogenesis of botulinum neurotoxin complexes; however, it currently remains unclear whether other components of the bacterium affect host cells. Recent studies provided insights into the role of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) produced by some bacterial species in host immunity and pathology.

Phage Genes Induce Quorum Sensing Signal Release through Membrane Vesicle Formation.

Membrane vesicles (MVs) released from the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans Pd1222 are enriched with the quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule N-hexadecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C16-HSL). However, the biogenesis of MVs in Pd1222 remains unclear. Investigations on MV formation are crucial for obtaining a more detailed understanding of the dynamics of MV-assisted signaling.

Evaluation of Japanese people's perception of risk information for making decisions to receive influenza and rubella vaccinations.

Background: Generally, vaccination uptake in Japan lags behind World Health Organization targets.

Objective: This study aimed to understand how risk information and advice affect intention to receive vaccinations.

Methods: This study had a within-subjects design.

Complete Genome Sequence of Bacterium Strain P1, Isolated from Mouse Feces.

bacterium strain P1 (, ) was isolated from mouse feces. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which has a total size of 2,028,478 bp and a G+C content of 58.6%.

Effects of Josamycin on Scratching Behavior in NC/Nga Mice with Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions.

Our previous study showed that chronic skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus exacerbated atopic dermatitis (AD) and that control of such skin colonization using antibiotic ointment might relieve AD-related skin inflammation. However, the role of S. aureus colonization in the pruritus accompanying AD was not elucidated.

Autolysis-mediated membrane vesicle formation in Bacillus subtilis.

It is known that Bacillus subtilis releases membrane vesicles (MVs) during the SOS response, which is associated with cell lysis triggered by the PBSX prophage-encoded cell-lytic enzymes XhlAB and XlyA. In this study, we demonstrate that MVs are released under various stress conditions: sucrose fatty acid ester (SFE; surfactant) treatment, cold shock, starvation, and oxygen deficiency. B.

Gut microbiota depletion by chronic antibiotic treatment alters the sleep/wake architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in mice.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota affects physiological processes, including brain functions, by altering the intestinal metabolism. Here we examined the effects of the gut microbiota on sleep/wake regulation. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 4 weeks to deplete their gut microbiota.

Fungal mycelia and bacterial thiamine establish a mutualistic growth mechanism.

Exclusivity in physical spaces and nutrients is a prerequisite for survival of organisms, but a few species have been able to develop mutually beneficial strategies that allow them to co-habit. Here, we discovered a mutualistic mechanism between filamentous fungus, , and bacterium, The bacterial cells co-cultured with the fungus traveled along mycelia using their flagella and dispersed farther with the expansion of fungal colony, indicating that the fungal mycelia supply space for bacteria to migrate, disperse, and proliferate. Transcriptomic, genetic, molecular mass, and imaging analyses demonstrated that the bacteria reached the mycelial edge and supplied thiamine to the growing hyphae, which led to a promotion of hyphal growth.

Competence-Stimulating-Peptide-Dependent Localized Cell Death and Extracellular DNA Production in Streptococcus mutans Biofilms.

Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a biofilm component that contributes to the formation and structural stability of biofilms. , a major cariogenic bacterium, induces eDNA-dependent biofilm formation under specific conditions. Since cell death can result in the release and accumulation of DNA, the dead cells in biofilms are a source of eDNA.