[Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus].

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) has become a popular term designing all neurological and psychiatric complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It occurs in up to two thirds of all SLE patients and it covers a vast array of disorders ranging from peripheral neuropathy to stroke, psychosis, and dementia. Mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of NPSLE include anti-neuronal antibodies, antiphospholipid antibody associated thrombosis, emboli from cardiac source and, rarely, vasculitis by immune complex depositions.

[Early diagnosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--case report].

Disproportionate heart muscle enlargement compared with little or no chamber enlargement are characteristic for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The clinical course of HCM is highly variable. Many patients are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and may be relatives of patients with known disease.

[When is it a diagnosis of overlap syndrome?].

The connective tissue diseases comprise a group of syndromes of unknown etiology affecting as many as 1 person in 40, often with a predilection for the female sex. Included are: systemic lupus erytematosus (SLE), polymyositis and dermatomyositis, Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma and the vasculitis (polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's, giant cell arteritis). There are patients who are not easily defined; having features overlapping with those of other connective tissue diseases.