Eye Fixation-Related Potentials during Visual Search on Acquaintance and Newly-Learned Faces.

Searching familiar faces in the crowd may involve stimulus-driven attention by emotional significance, together with goal-directed attention due to task-relevant needs. The present study investigated the effect of familiarity on attentional processes by exploring eye fixation-related potentials (EFRPs) and eye gazes when humans searched for, among other distracting faces, either an acquaintance's face or a newly-learned face. Task performance and gaze behavior were indistinguishable for identifying either faces.

A Wearable Wrist Band-Type System for Multimodal Biometrics Integrated with Multispectral Skin Photomatrix and Electrocardiogram Sensors.

Multimodal biometrics are promising for providing a strong security level for personal authentication, yet the implementation of a multimodal biometric system for practical usage need to meet such criteria that multimodal biometric signals should be easy to acquire but not easily compromised. We developed a wearable wrist band integrated with multispectral skin photomatrix (MSP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors to improve the issues of collectability, performance and circumvention of multimodal biometric authentication. The band was designed to ensure collectability by sensing both MSP and ECG easily and to achieve high authentication performance with low computation, efficient memory usage, and relatively fast response.

Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy and anesthetic management: review of the literature.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a serious complication among diabetic patients. It occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and its progression results in poor prognosis and increased mortality. During its course, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers of the cardiovascular system are damaged, resulting in potentially serious cardiac complications and even death.

Anesthetic implications for the patient with osteogenesis imperfecta.

Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder of the connective tissue stemming from gross abnormalities in collagen formation and structure. Affected patients fall into 4 classifications each displaying the similar properties of easily fractured bones, hypermobile joints, blue or gray sclera, skeletal deformities, and fragile skin. More severe forms of the disease may manifest platelet dysfunction, cardiac anomalies, hypermetabolic syndromes, respiratory compromise, and/or basilar invagination.

Acute pharmacodynamic and antivascular effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling inhibitor AZD2171 in Calu-6 human lung tumor xenografts.

The vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signaling pathway, a key stimulant of solid tumor vascularization, is primarily dependent on the activation of the endothelial cell surface receptor VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). AZD2171 is an oral, highly potent small-molecule inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase activity that inhibits angiogenesis and the growth of human tumor xenografts in vivo. Here, we show pharmacodynamic changes in VEGFR-2 phosphorylation induced by AZD2171.

Proposed preliminary core set measures for disease outcome assessment in adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

In order to develop a preliminary core set of disease outcome measures for use in clinical trials of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), we evaluated those measures used in previous trials, assessed the validation of published instruments and discussed these at an international consensus conference. The initial proposals were further refined by a multidisciplinary group of adult and paediatric specialists experienced in IIM using the Delphi method. The proposed preliminary core set of disease activity measures consists of five domains: physician and patient/parent global assessments of disease activity; muscle strength; physical function; serum activity of muscle enzymes; and an assessment tool to capture extra-skeletal muscle disease activity.

The beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 prevents indomethacin-induced jejunal ulceration in the rat by reversing early villous shortening.

Jejunal villi undergo early histological shortening and vascular injury in indomethacin-induced ulcerative enteropathy in the rat. The protective effects of the beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 on this rat model and the mechanism of action were examined using histological techniques. Groups of rats received oral indomethacin (15 mg/kg) and oral CL316243 (0, 0.

The role of acid in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced gastric antral ulcers in the rat.

Background: The role of acid in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced ulcers of the rat gastric antrum was studied by comparing the effects of pretreating animals with both long-acting (loxtidine, AH22216) and short-acting (ranitidine and cimetidine) inhibitors of acid secretion.

Results: Ranitidine and cimetidine were much weaker at inhibiting antral damage when compared to their reported potencies as antisecretory agents. In marked contrast, loxtidine and AH22216 inhibited indomethacin-induced antral ulcers at doses similar to their reported potencies as inhibitors of acid secretion.

Comparison of the profiles of agonists as stimulants of the beta 3-adrenoceptor in vitro with their gastroprotective effects in the conscious rat.

1. This paper compares the activity of a range of agonists as stimulants of the beta 3-adrenoceptor in rat isolated oesophagus with their ability to afford protection against indomethacin-induced gastric damage in the conscious rat. 2.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric damage in experimental animals: underlying pathological mechanisms.

A major impetus to experimental studies examining the pathogenesis of NSAID-induced gastric damage is the hope that key mechanisms can be identified that may lead to the design of "safer" NSAIDs or to the development of novel cytoprotectives to co-administer with current NSAIDs. Virtually every hypothesis proposed to explain the pathogenesis of NSAID-induced gastric damage has arisen from studies examining fundic lesions. Our results suggest that not only is the pathogenesis of gastric damage in the fundus and antrum of the rat potentially very different but that it is NSAID-induced damage to the rat gastric antrum (and not the fundus) that more closely resembles that of humans.

Quantitative anatomical study of taste buds in fungiform papillae of young and old Fischer rats.

To determine if differences in neural taste responses relate to taste bud loss in old age, taste buds were counted in fungiform papillae of Fischer 344 rats aged 4 to 6 months, 20 to 24 months, and 30 to 37 months. Papillae anterior to the intermolar eminence on one half of the tongue were examined in serial sections. Presence or absence of a taste bud was noted and taste bud diameter was measured.