Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young Korean adults.

Aims: To investigate the impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young Korean adults.

Methods: Data were sourced from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, comprising adults aged 20-39 who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012. Participants were grouped based on the presence of MAFLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both individually and in combination.

Cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome in a national population-based cohort of young adults and sex-specific risk for type 2 diabetes.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes and its prevalence is increasing worldwide in young adults. We aimed to determine whether cumulative exposure to metabolic syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes risk in young adults.

Methods: Data of 1,376,540 participants aged 20-39 years without a history of type 2 diabetes and who underwent four annual health check-ups were collected.

Alcohol-induced increase in BMP levels promotes fatty liver disease in male prediabetic stage Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.

Alcohol consumption exacerbates liver abnormalities in animal models, but whether it increases the severity of liver disease in early diabetic or prediabetic rats is unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver steatosis or hepatitis, we used a prediabetic animal model. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats were pair-fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks.

Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of mortality in normal-weight adults with central obesity.

Background & Aims: Inflammatory potential of diet may contribute to poor health outcomes in individuals with metabolic disorders. In a representative sample of the U.S.

Cumulative exposure to impaired fasting glucose and future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: The status of metabolic abnormalities including impaired fasting glucose (IFG) can change over time, yet little is known about how exposure duration to IFG is related to diabetes risk.

Methods: Using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance system, 2,513,127 people who were free of diabetes and who received four consecutive annual health examinations commencing in 2006 or 2007 were followed up at the end of 2016. IFG was defined as fasting blood glucose levels of 100-125 mg/dL.

Changes in metabolic syndrome status affect the incidence of end-stage renal disease in the general population: a nationwide cohort study.

Few studies have investigated the impact of a change in metabolic syndrome (MetS) components on clinical renal outcomes in the general population. Using nationally representative data from the Korean National Health Insurance System, 13,310,924 subjects who underwent two health examinations over 2 years and were free from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) from 2009 to 2012 were followed to the end of 2016. The subjects were divided into four groups according to the change in MetS components between the two visits over 2 years: no MetS (-/-), post-MetS (-/+), pre-MetS (+/-), and both MetS (+/+).

Effects of DA-9801 on the inflammation and apoptosis induced by angiotensin II in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells.

DA-9801, a plant-based drug used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, is known to improve angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We aimed to determine whether the protective effect of DA-9801 against Ang II-induced endothelial cell dysfunction was mediated via inhibition of endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis.

Gemigliptin Inhibits Interleukin-1β-Induced Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Canonical-Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway.

Background: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to inflammatory conditions inducing conversion of endothelial cells (ECs) into activated fibroblasts, promoting fibrotic diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokine is the most potent inducer of EndMT. We investigated inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced EndMT by gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor.

Combinations of metabolic syndrome components and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study.

Objective: It remains unclear which specific combinations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components confer a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study examined the relation of each and combinations of MetS components with the risk of T2DM.

Methods: We studied the records of 19,475,643 adults aged ≥ 20 years with no history of T2DM from the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service covering 2009 to 2012.

Metabolic profiling of serum and tissue from the rotator interval and anterior capsule in shoulder stiffness: a preliminary study.

Background: Using mass spectrometry, we evaluated the metabolic profiles of patients who had rotator cuff tears with shoulder stiffness, or shoulder stiffness only, and compared these with samples from a control group.

Methods: This study enrolled 28 patients, including 10 patients with shoulder stiffness only (group I), nine patients with rotator cuff tear and stiffness (group II), and nine controls selected from patients diagnosed with impingement syndrome or long head of the biceps lesions without evident limitation of joint motion or rotator cuff tears. Serum and tissue from the rotator interval and anterior capsule were collected.

BMI, Weight Change, and Dementia Risk in Patients With New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Objective: This study examined the association between baseline BMI, percentage weight change, and the risk of dementia in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Using the South Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database, we identified 167,876 subjects aged ≥40 years diagnosed with new-onset type 2 diabetes between 2007 and 2012. Their weight changes were monitored for ∼2 years after diagnosis, with follow-up assessments occurring for an average of 3.

Alpha-lipoic acid preserves skeletal muscle mass in type 2 diabetic OLETF rats.

Background: Increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense are important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetic myopathy. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been indicated as a weight-loss treatment in rodents and humans, but studies are limited. In the present study, we aimed to determine the influence of ALA, a potent biological antioxidant, on metabolic and growth processes in diabetic rat skeletal muscle.

Long-term insulin treatment leads to a change in myosin heavy chain fiber distribution in OLETF rat skeletal muscle.

The objective of this study was to investigate molecular and physiological changes in response to long-term insulin glargine treatment in the skeletal muscle of OLETF rats. Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats aged 24 weeks were randomly allocated to either treatment with insulin for 24 weeks or no treatment, resulting in three groups. Insulin glargine treatment in OLETF rats (OLETF-G) for 24 weeks resulted in changes in blood glucose levels in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests compared with age-matched, untreated OLETF rats (OLETF-C), and the area under the curve was significantly decreased for OLETF-G rats compared with OLETF-C rats (P < 0.

The Association between Pancreatic Steatosis and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background: Whether pancreatic steatosis has a local or systemic effect, like ectopic fat of other major organs, remains unknown. Data on the influence of pancreatic steatosis on microvascular complication are rare. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between pancreatic steatosis and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Publisher Correction: Normal-to-mildly increased albuminuria predicts the risk for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Normal-to-mildly increased albuminuria predicts the risk for diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Albuminuria is closely associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the precise role of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in screening for DR remains to be determined. This study aimed to investigate an ACR threshold for predicting DR in patients with type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,102 type 2 diabetes patients, aged ≥30 years and recruited from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2011.

High glucose and palmitate increases bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in human endothelial cells.

Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia and/or free fatty acids (palmitate, PAL) aff ect the expression level of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a proatherogenic marker, in endothelial cells and the potential role of BMP4 in diabetic vascular complications. To measure BMP4 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose concentrations and/or PAL for 24 or 72 h, and the effects of these treatments on the expression levels of adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. BMP4 loss-of-function status was achieved via transfection of a BMP4-specific siRNA.

Serum Bone Morphogenic Protein-4 Contributes to Discriminating Coronary Artery Disease Severity.

Bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP-4) is a known pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine. Here, we investigated whether the serum BMP-4 level predicts coronary artery disease (CAD) severity in humans. We measured serum BMP-4 concentrations in 1044 consecutive patients who underwent elective coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention.

Chronic Alcohol Consumption Results in Greater Damage to the Pancreas Than to the Liver in the Rats.

Alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, its effects on prediabetes or early diabetes have not been studied. We investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pancreas and liver resulting from chronic alcohol consumption in the prediabetes and early stages of diabetes.

Changes in serum levels of bone morphogenic protein 4 and inflammatory cytokines after bariatric surgery in severely obese korean patients with type 2 diabetes.

Serum bone morphogenic protein- (BMP-) 4 levels are associated with human adiposity. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in serum levels of BMP-4 and inflammatory cytokines after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Fifty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes underwent RYGB.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) is increased in adhesive capsulitis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in shoulders with adhesive capsulitis ("frozen shoulder").

Methods: Glenohumeral capsular tissue was obtained from twenty-six patients (seventeen with adhesive capsulitis and nine controls), and ICAM-1 was evaluated with use of oligonucleotide arrays, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. ICAM-1 was also evaluated in synovial fluid with use of western blotting (six patients with adhesive capsulitis and two controls) and in peripheral blood with use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (thirty-two patients with adhesive capsulitis, twenty with diabetes mellitus, and fourteen controls).

Human inferior turbinate: an alternative tissue source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.

Objective: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells in adult tissues. Current challenges for the clinical application of MSCs include donor site morbidity, which underscores the need to identify alternative sources of MSCs. This study aimed to explore potential new sources of multipotent MSCs for use in tissue regeneration and the functional restoration of organs.

Angiotensin II Inhibits Insulin Binding to Endothelial Cells.

Background: Insulin-mediated glucose uptake in insulin target tissues is correlated with interstitial insulin concentration, rather than plasma insulin concentration. Therefore, insulin delivery to the interstitium of target tissues is very important, and the endothelium may also play an important role in the development of insulin resistance.

Methods: After treating bovine aortic endothelial cells with angiotensin II (ATII), we observed the changes in insulin binding capacity and the amounts of insulin receptor (IR) on the cell membranes and in the cytosol.

Transforming growth factor-β induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition and suppresses the proliferation and transdifferentiation of cultured human pancreatic duct cells.

Pancreatic duct cells are considered a potential source of β-cell regeneration, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been suggested to perform an important role in these processes, but the underlying mechanism of the signal pathways, especially in humans, remains poorly understood. To evaluate the role of TGF-β1, pancreatic duct cells were isolated from three brain-dead organ donors. Pancreatic cell clusters harvested after islet isolation were dispersed to single cells and cultured in monolayers, then treated with TGF-β1.