Rifampin Resistance in Staphylococci after Rifaximin Intake for Surgical Prophylaxis in Elective Colorectal Surgery.

The aim of our study was to determine whether rifampin resistance emerges in human skin staphylococci after oral intake of rifaximin for surgical prophylaxis. Rifampin-resistant staphylococci appeared on the skin of 32 out of 74 patients (43.2%) two weeks after prophylactic treatment with rifaximin.

Determinants of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis: A Nation-wide Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare and validate the different classifications of severity in acute pancreatitis (AP) and to investigate which characteristics of the disease are associated with worse outcomes.

Summary Of Background Data: AP is a heterogeneous disease, ranging from uneventful cases to patients with considerable morbidity and high mortality rates. Severity classifications based on legitimate determinants of severity are important to correctly describe the course of disease.

[Assessment and treatment of acute pancreatitis. Position document of the Catalan Society of Gastroenterology, Catalan Society of Surgery and Catalan Society of the Pancreas].

The incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) is increasing. AP is one of the gastrointestinal diseases that most frequently requires hospital admission in affected individuals. In the last few years, considerable scientific evidence has led to substantial changes in the medical and surgical treatment of this disease.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in situs inversus totalis: The importance of being left-handed.

Since laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard procedure for the treatment of gallstone disease, several cases have been reported in patients with situs inversus. These cases require more technically demanding procedures due to the symmetrical disposition of the anatomy. Thus, handedness could influence the performance of these operations.

A clinical trial on the prevention of catheter-related sepsis using a new hub model.

Background: Catheter hub contamination is being increasingly recognized as a source of catheter-related sepsis. The authors have investigated the efficacy of a new hub design in preventing endoluminal catheter contamination and catheter-related sepsis arising at the hub.

Methods: Adult surgical and intensive care patients requiring a subclavian catheter for at least 1 week were randomly assigned to receive catheters with standard connectors (control group, n=73) or equipped with a new hub model (new hub group, n=78).

[A randomized prospective study of antibiotic prophylaxis compared to lavage of the surgical wound in nonperforating appendicitis].

Background: There are many doubts as to the efficacy of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis versus the methods of local treatment in the prevention of infection of the contaminated surgical wound. A controlled prospective study was designed to compare the effectiveness of a combination of parenteral antibiotics with lavage with physiologic serum of the surgical wound to prevent infection of the postappendectomy wound.

Methods: The patients in group A (antibiotic, n = 70) received a sole preoperative dose of methronidazol and gentamicin while in those in group I (irrigation, n = 71) the wounds were irrigated with physiologic serum prior to and following closure of aponeurosis.

Reduced water and sodium intakes associated with high levels of natriuretic factor following common bile duct ligation in the rabbit.

Renal failure complicating obstructive jaundice (OJ) is probably linked to reduction of the extracellular water compartment. To elucidate the mechanism by which OJ leads to isotonic water depletion we studied a group of rabbits with OJ after common bile duct ligation (n = 17) and another group of sham operated rabbits (n = 14) for 10 days. Water intake and balance for two study periods (1-4 and 7-10 days after operation) were calculated.

[Catheter sepsis: pathogeny and prevention with a new connection model].

A revision is made of the issue regarding sepsis related to central intravenous catheterization. A special point was made on the relevance of latest discoveries in the field of pathogenicity in order to prevent, diagnose and treat this entity. Preventive measures should be geared to avoid intralumen infection, and success may depend on new connection models and industrial preparation of nutrient mixtures.

A new experimental model for secondary hyperparathyroidism.

We have developed an animal model to study the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism by inducing stable uremia in Sprague-Dawley rats by selective microligation of terminal branches of the left renal artery, followed by right nephrectomy. After 4 weeks the animals were killed, the parathyroid glands were removed and weighed, and blood samples were obtained. Of 30 rats, uremia developed in 22 (73%; uremic group) and eight (27%) died or did not become uremic.

In vitro bacteriological study of a new hub model for intravascular catheters and infusion equipment.

We investigated in vitro the antibacterial properties of a simulated new hub model in which the female part has an antiseptic chamber through which the needle (male part) must pass before connection of the set and the catheter. To establish the time needed for disinfection, the magnitude of reduction of the contaminating inocula by the new hub model, and the antibacterial properties of the different components of the hub, we used needles contaminated with solutions containing high inocula (1.9 x 10(7) to 1.

Measurement of body water compartments after ligation of the common bile duct in the rabbit.

To elucidate the pathogenesis of renal insufficiency associated with obstructive jaundice we have studied spontaneous water intake and body water compartments in rabbits undergoing common bile duct ligation. Total body water, extracellular water and plasma volume were measured by multi-isotope dilution technique. During the initial 6 postoperative days spontaneous water intake was 898 ml in sham operated animals (SO) but only 280 ml in jaundiced rabbits (OJ6) (P less than 0.