Re-arrest immediately after return of spontaneous circulation: A retrospective observational study of in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: Patients who achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) may re-arrest. This phenomenon has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the immediate (1-min) and short-term (20-min) risks of re-arrest in IHCA.

A novel antibody treatment reduces deformed wing virus loads in the western honey bee ().

Unlabelled: The deformed wing virus () (DWV) is a key driver of colony loss in the western honey bee (). Here, we demonstrate that orally delivered anti-DWV antibodies can act systemically to reduce DWV loads in naturally infected honey bees. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) was produced in adult chickens against two DWV proteins, harvested from their eggs, and fed to bees in a sucrose solution.

Incidence, severity and changes of abnormal vital signs in trauma patients: A national population-based analysis.

Background: Physiological criteria are used to assess the potential severity of injury in the early phase of a trauma patient's care trajectory. Few studies have described the extent of abnormality in vital signs and different combinations of these at a national level. Aim of the study was to identify physiologic abnormalities in trauma patients and describe different combinations of abnormalities and changes between the pre-hospital and emergency department (ED) settings.

Risk of epilepsy after traumatic brain injury: a nationwide Norwegian matched cohort study.

Background: Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a well-known complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although several risk factors have been identified, prediction of PTE is difficult. Changing demographics and advances in TBI treatment may affect the risk of PTE.

Extracting physiologic and clinical data from defibrillators for research purposes to improve treatment for patients in cardiac arrest.

Background: A defibrillator should be connected to all patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to allow early defibrillation. The defibrillator will collect signal data such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), thoracic impedance and end-tidal CO, which allows for research on how patients demonstrate different responses to CPR. The aim of this review is to give an overview of methodological challenges and opportunities in using defibrillator data for research.

Can video communication in the emergency medical communication centre improve dispatch precision? A before-after study in Norwegian helicopter emergency medical services.

Objectives: Dispatching helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) to the patients with the greatest medical or logistical benefit remains challenging. The introduction of video calls (VC) in the emergency medical communication centres (EMCC) could provide additional information for EMCC operators and HEMS physicians when assessing the need for HEMS dispatch. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact from VC in the EMCC on HEMS dispatch precision.

Incidence, causes, and management of failed awake fibreoptic intubation-A retrospective study of 833 procedures.

Awake fibreoptic intubation has been considered a gold standard in the management of the difficult airway. However, failure may cause critical situations. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and causes of failed awake fibreoptic intubation at a tertiary care hospital.

Non-shockable rhythms: A parametric model for the immediate probability of return of spontaneous circulation.

Background: Cardiac arrest can present with asystole, Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA), or Ventricular Fibrillation/Tachycardia (VF/VT). We investigated the transition intensity of Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from PEA and asystole during in-hospital resuscitation.

Materials And Methods: We included 770 episodes of cardiac arrest.

Intestinal injury in cardiac arrest is associated with multiple organ dysfunction: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The impact of intestinal injury in cardiac arrest is not established. The first aim of this study was to assess associations between clinical characteristics in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and a biomarker for intestinal injury, Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (IFABP). The second aim was to assess associations between IFABP and multiple organ dysfunction and 30-day mortality.

Heart rate and QRS duration as biomarkers predict the immediate outcome from pulseless electrical activity.

Introduction: Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is commonly observed in in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Universally available ECG characteristics such as QRS duration (QRSd) and heart rate (HR) may develop differently in patients who obtain ROSC or not. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively how QRSd and HR as biomarkers predict the immediate outcome of patients with PEA.

The introduction of a regional Norwegian HEMS coordinator: an assessment of the effects on response times, geographical service areas and severity scores.

Background: Due to unwanted delays and suboptimal resource control of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS), regional HEMS coordinators have recently been introduced in Norway. This may represent an unnecessary link in the alarm chain, which could cause delays in HEMS dispatch. Systematic evaluations of this intervention are lacking.

Can high school students teach their peers high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

Background: If adolescents can teach each other cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during school hours, this may be a cost-effective approach to CPR training. The aim of this study was to evaluate CPR quality among students trained by student instructors in CPR.

Material And Methods: Three high schools participated.

Pulseless electrical activity in in-hospital cardiac arrest - A crossroad for decisions.

Background: PEA is often seen during resuscitation, either as the presenting clinical state in cardiac arrest or as a secondary rhythm following transient return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (VF/VT), or asystole (ASY). The aim of this study was to explore and quantify the evolution from primary/secondary PEA to ROSC in adults during in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).

Methods: We analyzed 700 IHCA episodes at one Norwegian hospital and three U.

Short-term effects of endotracheal suctioning in post-cardiac arrest patients: A prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Endotracheal suctioning (ETS) is required in critically ill patients but may lead to adverse physiologic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with adverse respiratory and circulatory effects of ETS, in post-cardiac arrest patients receiving controlled ventilation.

Methods: Patients with return of spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were followed the first five days in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Characteristics of circulatory failure after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Circulatory failure after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) as part of the postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is believed to be caused by an initial myocardial depression that later subsides into a superimposed vasodilatation. However, the relative contribution of myocardial dysfunction and systemic inflammation has not been established. Our objective was to describe the macrocirculatory and microcirculatory failure in PCAS in more detail.

Changes in peripheral arterial blood pressure after resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients.

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be an adjunct treatment to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Aortic occlusion may increase aortic pressure and increase the coronary perfusion pressure and the cerebral blood flow. Peripheral arterial blood pressure is often measured during or after CPR, however, changes in peripheral blood pressure after aortic occlusion is insufficiently described.

High Performance Predictable Quantum Efficient Detector Based on Induced-Junction Photodiodes Passivated with SiO/SiN.

We performed a systematic study involving simulation and experimental techniques to develop induced-junction silicon photodetectors passivated with thermally grown SiO and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiN thin films that show a record high quantum efficiency. We investigated PECVD SiN passivation and optimized the film deposition conditions to minimize the recombination losses at the silicon-dielectric interface as well as optical losses. Depositions with varied process parameters were carried out on test samples, followed by measurements of minority carrier lifetime, fixed charge density, and optical absorbance and reflectance.

The inflammatory response is related to circulatory failure after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Whole body ischemia and reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest leads to the massive inflammation clinically manifested in the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Previous studies on the inflammatory effect on circulatory failure after cardiac arrest have either investigated a selected patient group or a limited part of the inflammatory mechanisms. We examined the association between cardiac arrest characteristics and inflammatory biomarkers, and between inflammatory biomarkers and circulatory failure after cardiac arrest, in an unselected patient cohort.

Circulatory trajectories after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Circulatory failure frequently occurs after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and is part of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The aim of this study was to investigate circulatory disturbances in PCAS by assessing the circulatory trajectory during treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: This was a prospective single-center observational cohort study of patients after OHCA.

[Cardiac arrest in a one-year-old child after an electric shock].

Background: Cardiac arrest in toddlers is rare, but accidental electrocution may induce arrhythmias.

Case Presentation: A previously healthy one-year-old child suffered electrocution from an old shoe-warmer and went into cardiac arrest. Her mother started cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the ambulance arrived after seven minutes.

REBOARREST, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a study protocol for a randomised, parallel group, clinical multicentre trial.

Background: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is poor and dependent on high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be advantageous in non-traumatic OHCA due to the potential benefit of redistributing the cardiac output to organs proximal to the aortic occlusion. This theory is supported by data from both preclinical studies and human case reports.

Injury Prevention and long-term Outcomes following Trauma-the IPOT project: a protocol for prospective nationwide registry-based studies in Norway.

Introduction: Traumatic injuries constitute a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Still, the public health burden of trauma in Norway has not been characterised using nationwide registry data. More knowledge is warranted on trauma risk factors and the long-term outcomes following trauma.

A prospective observational study comparing two supraglottic airway devices in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: Airway management in patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is important and several methods are used. The establishment of a supraglottic airway device (SAD) is a common technique used during OHCA. Two types of SAD are routinely used in Norway; the Kings LTS-D™ and the I-gel®.