Surgical versus medical management of patients with primary hyperaldosteronism and indeterminate adrenal vein sampling: A 10-year experience of the Cleveland Clinic.

In patients with primary hyperaldosteronism (PA), adrenal vein sampling (AVS) can identify patients suitable for unilateral adrenalectomy. However, in AVS with an indeterminate aldosterone-to-cortisol lateralization (ACL) ratio of 3.0-4.

Corrigendum: The effect of antipsychotics on glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex and clinical response: a H-MRS study in first-episode psychosis patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.

The relationship between striatal dopamine and anterior cingulate glutamate in first episode psychosis changes with antipsychotic treatment.

The neuromodulator dopamine and excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychosis, and dopamine antagonists remain the predominant treatment for psychotic disorders. To date no study has measured the effect of antipsychotics on both of these indices together, in the same population of people with psychosis. Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (Ki) and anterior cingulate glutamate were measured using 18F-DOPA positron emission tomography and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy respectively, before and after at least 5 weeks' naturalistic antipsychotic treatment in people with first episode psychosis (n = 18) and matched healthy controls (n = 20).

An automatic analysis framework for FDOPA PET neuroimaging.

In this study we evaluate the performance of a fully automated analytical framework for FDOPA PET neuroimaging data, and its sensitivity to demographic and experimental variables and processing parameters. An instance of XNAT imaging platform was used to store the King's College London institutional brain FDOPA PET imaging archive, alongside individual demographics and clinical information. By re-engineering the historical Matlab-based scripts for FDOPA PET analysis, a fully automated analysis pipeline for imaging processing and data quantification was implemented in Python and integrated in XNAT.

Variability and magnitude of brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia: a meta and mega-analysis.

Glutamatergic dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia pathoaetiology, but this may vary in extent between patients. It is unclear whether inter-individual variability in glutamate is greater in schizophrenia than the general population. We conducted meta-analyses to assess (1) variability of glutamate measures in patients relative to controls (log coefficient of variation ratio: CVR); (2) standardised mean differences (SMD) using Hedges g; (3) modal distribution of individual-level glutamate data (Hartigan's unimodality dip test).

The effect of AUT00206, a Kv3 potassium channel modulator, on dopamine synthesis capacity and the reliability of [F]-FDOPA imaging in schizophrenia.

Background: Current treatments for schizophrenia act directly on dopamine (DA) receptors but are ineffective for many patients, highlighting the need to develop new treatment approaches. Striatal DA dysfunction, indexed using [F]-FDOPA imaging, is linked to the pathoetiology of schizophrenia. We evaluated the effect of a novel drug, AUT00206, a Kv3.

The association between -methyl-d-aspartate receptor availability and glutamate levels: A multi-modal PET-MR brain imaging study in first-episode psychosis and healthy controls.

Background: Evidence from post-mortem studies and in vivo imaging studies suggests there may be reduced -methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) levels in the hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia. Other studies have reported increased glutamate in striatum in schizophrenia patients. It has been hypothesised that NMDAR hypofunction leads to the disinhibition of glutamatergic signalling; however, this has not been tested in vivo.

The effect of antipsychotics on glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex and clinical response: A H-MRS study in first-episode psychosis patients.

Introduction: Glutamatergic dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It is unclear whether glutamatergic dysfunction predicts response to treatment or if antipsychotic treatment influences glutamate levels. We investigated the effect of antipsychotic treatment on glutamatergic levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and whether there is a relationship between baseline glutamatergic levels and clinical response after antipsychotic treatment in people with first episode psychosis (FEP).

Real-world clinical and cost-effectiveness of community clozapine initiation: mirror cohort study.

Background: Clozapine is the only drug licensed for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) but the real-world clinical and cost-effectiveness of community initiation of clozapine is unclear.

Aims: The aim was to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of community initiation of clozapine.

Method: This was a naturalistic study of community patients recommended for clozapine treatment.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Endocrinology: A Survey and Vision for the Future.

Objective: The Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) committee of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) performed a survey whose aim was to explore characteristics of our membership, members' definitions, perceptions, and experiences with DEI in the endocrinology community, and future directions for the organization in this arena.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted consisting of an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire that captured members' demographic and professional data and assessed their responses to questions about DEI in the endocrinology community. The questionnaire was sent to all AACE members (n=4,079) during May and June 2021.

Hypercalcemia and vitamin A: A vitamin to keep in mind.

Vitamin A, like many things in life, should be consumed in appropriate amounts. Excessive intake of preformed vitamin A, such as that found in supplements and animal sources (animal liver, fish liver oil, dairy, and eggs), is associated with multisystem effects that can include bone resorption and hypercalcemia. Hence, vitamin A toxicity should be explored in unexplained cases of parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia.

White-matter free-water diffusion MRI in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

White-matter abnormalities, including increases in extracellular free-water, are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recent advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable free-water levels to be indexed. However, the brain levels in patients with schizophrenia have not yet been systematically investigated.

Tailored graphical lasso for data integration in gene network reconstruction.

Background: Identifying gene interactions is a topic of great importance in genomics, and approaches based on network models provide a powerful tool for studying these. Assuming a Gaussian graphical model, a gene association network may be estimated from multiomic data based on the non-zero entries of the inverse covariance matrix. Inferring such biological networks is challenging because of the high dimensionality of the problem, making traditional estimators unsuitable.

Continuous and discrete-time survival prediction with neural networks.

Due to rapid developments in machine learning, and in particular neural networks, a number of new methods for time-to-event predictions have been developed in the last few years. As neural networks are parametric models, it is more straightforward to integrate parametric survival models in the neural network framework than the popular semi-parametric Cox model. In particular, discrete-time survival models, which are fully parametric, are interesting candidates to extend with neural networks.

Attitudes of Physicians in Jordan Towards Non-Disclosure of Health Information.

Objectives: This report aims to investigate the attitudes of physicians in Jordan towards non-disclosure of health information among physicians, with a focus on those who are 'always truthful' and those who are not.

Methods: The report is based on the second subset of data from a cross-sectional study-conducted between January and August 2016-of the truth disclosure practices among and attitudes of physicians in Jordan. The sample consisted of 240 physicians selected from four major hospitals by stratified random sampling and invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding truth disclosure attitudes.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor availability in first-episode psychosis: a PET-MR brain imaging study.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction is hypothesised to underlie psychosis but this has not been tested early in illness. To address this, we studied 40 volunteers (21 patients with first-episode psychosis and 19 matched healthy controls) using PET imaging with an NMDAR selective ligand, [F]GE-179, that binds to the ketamine binding site to index its distribution volume ratio (DVR) and volume of distribution (V). Hippocampal DVR, but not V, was significantly lower in patients relative to controls (p = 0.

The magnitude and variability of brain structural alterations in bipolar disorder: A double meta-analysis of 5534 patients and 6651 healthy controls.

Background: Bipolar disorder is thought to be associated with structural brain alterations, but findings have been inconsistent. Our double meta-analysis investigated the variability and magnitude of differences in regional brain volumes in patients with bipolar disorder relative to healthy volunteers.

Methods: Databases were systematically searched for MRI studies reporting regional brain volumetric measures in patients with bipolar disorder and controls.

Association of Age, Antipsychotic Medication, and Symptom Severity in Schizophrenia With Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Brain Glutamate Level: A Mega-analysis of Individual Participant-Level Data.

Importance: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies indicate that altered brain glutamatergic function may be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the response to antipsychotic treatment. However, the association of altered glutamatergic function with clinical and demographic factors is unclear.

Objective: To assess the associations of age, symptom severity, level of functioning, and antipsychotic treatment with brain glutamatergic metabolites.

Variation in chemical composition of MSWI fly ash and dry scrubber residues.

Our society generates extensive amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW), which are mainly incinerated for volume reduction and energy recovery. Though, MSW incineration generates hazardous air pollution control (APC) residues that must be treated and deposited in appropriate landfills. An alternative to landfilling is material recovery, leading to regeneration of valuable products and reducing hazardous waste amounts.

Changes in Brain Glutamate on Switching to Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.

It has been suggested that the antipsychotic clozapine may modulate brain glutamate, and that this effect could contribute to its efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of clozapine on brain glutamate in TRS longitudinally. This study examined individuals with TRS before and 12 weeks after switching from a non-clozapine antipsychotic to treatment with clozapine as part of their normal clinical care.

Evaluation of Resident Physicians' Knowledge of and Attitudes Towards Prescribing Buprenorphine for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder.

Objective: To determine internal medicine (IM) residents' knowledge of, attitudes towards, and barriers to prescribing buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of IM residents across all 35 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited Florida IM residency programs. We used an online survey to collect information about resident demographics, substance use curriculums, career interests, content knowledge about diagnosing and managing OUD, and attitudes about and barriers to prescribing buprenorphine for OUD.

The Cannabinoid CB Receptor in Schizophrenia.

Converging lines of evidence from epidemiological, preclinical, and experimental studies indicate that the endocannabinoid system may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and suggest that the cannabinoid CB receptor may be a potential therapeutic target. In view of this, we first provide an overview of the endocannabinoid system and systematically review the evidence for CB receptor alterations in animal models of schizophrenia and clinical studies in schizophrenia. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycArticles, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from inception until January 7, 2020.

Association between cannabinoid 1 receptor availability and glutamate levels in healthy controls and drug-free patients with first episode psychosis: a multi-modal PET and 1H-MRS study.

Cannabinoid 1 receptor and glutamatergic dysfunction have both been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear if cannabinoid 1 receptor alterations shown in drug-naïve/free patients with first episode psychosis may be linked to glutamatergic alterations in the illness. We aimed to investigate glutamate levels and cannabinoid 1 receptor levels in the same region in patients with first episode psychosis.

Links between central CB1-receptor availability and peripheral endocannabinoids in patients with first episode psychosis.

There is an established, link between psychosis and metabolic abnormalities, such as altered glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia, which often precede the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. It is known that obesity-associated metabolic disorders are promoted by activation of specific cannabinoid targets (endocannabinoid system (ECS)). Our recent data suggest that there is a change in the circulating lipidome at the onset of first episode psychosis (FEP).