Involvement of TLR4 in Acute Hepatitis Associated with Airway Infection of Murine γ-Herpesvirus 68.

Extrahepatic viral infections are often accompanied by acute hepatitis, as evidenced by elevated serum liver enzymes and intrasinusoidal infiltration of CD8+ T cells, without direct infection of the liver. An example is infectious mononucleosis caused by primary infection with EBV. Previously, we demonstrated that airway infection of mice with murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68), a murine model of EBV, caused liver inflammation with elevated serum liver enzymes and intrahepatic infiltration of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells and NK cells.

CCR4 plays a pivotal role in Th17 cell recruitment and expansion in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis.

T helper 17 (Th17) cells express CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and secrete cytokines such as interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), while dendritic cells (DCs) produce CC chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22), a CCR4 ligand, upon stimulation with GM-CSF. Th17 cells are known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CCL22 has also been shown to be up-regulated in the synovial tissues of RA patients.

SST: Spatial and Semantic Transformers for Multi-Label Image Recognition.

Multi-label image recognition has attracted considerable research attention and achieved great success in recent years. Capturing label correlations is an effective manner to advance the performance of multi-label image recognition. Two types of label correlations were principally studied, i.

Multifaceted Roles of Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Tumor Immunity.

Various immune cells are involved in host tumor immune responses. In particular, there are many T cell subsets with different roles in tumor immunity. T-helper (Th) 1 cells are involved in cellular immunity and thus play the major role in host anti-tumor immunity by inducing and activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).