[Scales and tests in the rehabilitation and treatment of patients with spasticity of the upper limbs].

Treatment and rehabilitation of patients with upper limb spasticity remains a challenging task that still does not have standard, widely accepted methods. The specific instruments used to measure the impact of spasticity on everyday life occupy an important place in the measurement of treatment effectiveness. The article presents scales and tests used to access the impact of spasticity and paresis on the arm activity.

[Scales and tests in the rehabilitation and treatment of patients with spasticity of the lower limbs].

The problem-oriented approach in the rehabilitation of patients with spasticity requires careful assessment of the situation in the concept of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF): impairment of the structure, functions and limitation of activity in specific environmental factors. Standardized tools in the assessment of muscle tone allow to get objective data about motor function. The use of the Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and the Tardieu Scale are discussed.

[Renal lesions in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus].

Aim: To elucidate the role of some renal diseases, pyelonephritis in particular, in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials And Methods: The trial included 150 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 aged over 60 years with DM duration 16.6 +/- 7.