Occurrence of distinctive cells and effects of irradiance on vascular formation in leaves of shade-tolerant C grass Paspalum conjugatum.

The denser leaf vasculature of C plants than of C plants may suit rapid export of assimilates associated with their higher photosynthetic rate. However, some C grasses have partially reduced leaf vasculature with vascular bundle (VB)-free bundle-sheath cells called distinctive cells (DCs). The shade-tolerant C grass Paspalum conjugatum has such a reduced leaf vascular system with DCs.

Photosynthesis and leaf structure of F1 hybrids between Cymbidium ensifolium (C3) and C. bicolor subsp. pubescens (CAM).

Background And Aims: The introduction of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) into C3 crops has been considered as a means of improving water-use efficiency. In this study, we investigated photosynthetic and leaf structural traits in F1 hybrids between Cymbidium ensifolium (female C3 parent) and C. bicolor subsp.

Positive effect of inaudible high-frequency components of sounds on glucose tolerance: a quasi-experimental crossover study.

Although stress significantly impacts on various metabolic syndromes, including diabetes mellitus, most stress management techniques are based on psychological and subjective approaches. This study examined how the presence or absence of the inaudible high-frequency component (HFC) of sounds, which activates deep-brain structures, affects glucose tolerance in healthy participants using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Sounds containing HFC suppressed the increase in glucose levels measured by incremental area under the curve in the OGTT compared with the otherwise same sounds without HFC.