Publications by authors named "O T Carmichael"
Declines in physical and cognitive function are common in older adults. The circulating enzyme glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-specific phospholipase D1 (GPLD1) is elevated after exercise and has been associated with improved cognitive function when administered to aged mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GPLD1 and both cognitive function and brain structure/function in older adults with either high or low levels of physical activity.
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- White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and MR infarcts are key indicators of cerebrovascular disease, and research from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) highlights their impact on cognitive decline.
- The study found that factors like age, sex, and cognitive impairment correlate with increased WMH volumes, even in participants with minimal other vascular risks.
- Future ADNI research aims to better understand the role of vascular biomarkers in cognitive health, emphasizing the significance of WMH and MR infarcts in Alzheimer's disease.
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- Subcortical brain structures play a crucial role in various developmental and psychiatric disorders, and a study analyzed brain volumes in 74,898 individuals, identifying 254 genetic loci linked to these volumes, which accounted for up to 35% of variation.
- The research included exploring gene expression in specific neural cell types, focusing on genes involved in intracellular signaling and processes related to brain aging.
- The findings suggest that certain genetic variants not only influence brain volume but also have potential causal links to conditions like Parkinson’s disease and ADHD, highlighting the genetic basis for risks associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
While a great deal of recent effort has focused on addressing a perceived reproducibility crisis within brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI research communities, this article argues that brain positron emission tomography (PET) research stands on even more fragile ground, lagging behind efforts to address MRI reproducibility. We begin by examining the current landscape of factors that contribute to reproducible neuroimaging data analysis, including scientific standards, analytic plan pre-registration, data and code sharing, containerized workflows, and standardized processing pipelines. We then focus on disparities in the current status of these factors between brain MRI and brain PET.
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