Binucleated and Multinucleated Neurons are Formed by Fusion.

In the era of molecular biology and atomic force microscopy, some important macroscopic issues such as simultaneous bidirectional axonal flow or neuronal multinucleosis remain unaddressed. However, these issues have to be addressed, because they distort the results of our current achievements. Using videorecording technique, we studied adhesive contacts between neurons and their processes and kinetics of anastomosis retraction between the cell bodies up to their complete fusion with introduction of neurites into the cell cytoplasm and formation of binuclear cells.

Inductively driven surface-plasma negative ion source for N-NBI use (invited).

The long-pulse surface-plasma source prototype is developed at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics for negative-ion based neutral beam injector use. The essential source features are (1) an active temperature control of the ion-optical system electrodes by circulation of hot thermal fluid through the channels, drilled in the electrode bodies, (2) the concaved transverse magnetic field in the extraction and acceleration gaps, preventing the electrons trapping and avalanching, and (3) the directed cesium deposition via distribution tubes adjacent to the plasma grid periphery. The long term effect of cesium was obtained just with the single cesium deposition.

Efficient cesiation in RF driven surface plasma negative ion source.

Experiments on hydrogen negative ions production in the large radio-frequency negative ion source with cesium seed are described. The system of directed cesium deposition to the plasma grid periphery was used. The small cesium seed (∼0.

High voltage holding in the negative ion sources with cesium deposition.

High voltage holding of the large surface-plasma negative ion source with cesium deposition was studied. It was found that heating of ion-optical system electrodes to temperature >100 °C facilitates the source conditioning by high voltage pulses in vacuum and by beam shots. The procedure of electrode conditioning and the data on high-voltage holding in the negative ion source with small cesium seed are described.

Effect of plasma grid bias on extracted currents in the RF driven surface-plasma negative ion source.

Extraction of negative ions from the large inductively driven surface-plasma negative ion source was studied. The dependencies of the extracted currents vs plasma grid (PG) bias potential were measured for two modifications of radio-frequency driver with and without Faraday screen, for different hydrogen feeds and for different levels of cesium conditioning. The maximal PG current was independent of driver modification and it was lower in the case of inhibited cesium.