Certain human papillomaviruses (HPV), mainly types 16 and 18, have been widely recognized as an essential etiologic factor for the development of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The early HPV proteins E6 and E7 are consistently expressed in the tumor cells, and cervical-carcinoma patients can develop antibodies against these oncoproteins. For cervical-carcinoma patients from Eastern Europe and Russia, detailed information on HPV DNA prevalence and HPV-specific immune responses is limited.
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