A national survey of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training and wellbeing of restorative and mono-speciality specialist trainees in the UK and Ireland.

Introduction COVID-19 emergency and associated measures across the UK and Ireland during the first and third waves of the pandemic disrupted mainstream dental services and training across all specialties.Aims Investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on training, mental health and wellbeing of specialty trainees (STs) in restorative dentistry and associated mono-specialities across the United Kingdom and Ireland.Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted exploring experiences of STs in restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, endodontics and periodontics (n = 101) across the United Kingdom and Ireland during the first (March 2020) and third (July 2021) waves of the pandemic.

Survey of National Health Service (NHS) orthodontic practitioners in Wales, UK. Part 1: working patterns 2021-2022.

Objective: To ascertain the working patterns of the NHS orthodontic workforce in Wales and any possible future changes.

Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey.

Participants: NHS orthodontic practitioners in Wales.

Survey of National Health Service (NHS) orthodontic practitioners in Wales, UK. Part 2: job satisfaction perceptions of the workforce 2021-2022.

Objective: To ascertain the perceptions of the Welsh NHS orthodontic workforce regarding their job satisfaction and work life balance.

Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey.

Participants And Setting: Clinicians providing NHS orthodontic treatment in Wales.

TRPV4 mRNA is elevated in the caudate nucleus with NPH but not in Alzheimer's disease.

Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are somewhat similar, and it is common to misdiagnose these two conditions. Although there are fluid markers detectable in humans with NPH and AD, determining which biomarker is optimal in representing genetic characteristics consistent throughout species is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that NPH can be differentiated from AD with mRNA biomarkers of unvaried proximity to telomeres.

The effect of patented drug price on the share of new medicines across OECD countries.

The Government of Canada plans to implement new controls on the prices of patented drugs sold in Canada. The literature indicates that such controls delay drug launches. The Government of Canada, in its cost benefit analysis of the proposed regulatory changes, claims that they do not.