Complete Chloroplast Genome of : Comparative Genomic Analysis and Phylogenetic Relationships.

Background/objectives: (L.) Schonl. is a very small annual plant growing along riverbanks.

Matrikines of Sea Cucumbers: Structure, Biological Activity and Mechanisms of Action.

Matrikines (MKs), the products of enzymatic fragmentation of various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, regulate cellular activity by interacting with specific receptors. MKs affect cell growth, proliferation, and migration, can induce apoptosis and autophagy, and are also effectively used in biomedicine and functional nutrition. Recently, there has been great interest in the structural features and biological activity of MKs from various sources.

Insights into Alkaline Phosphatase Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.

Background: The endogenous ecto-enzyme and exogenously administered alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been evidenced to significantly attenuate inflammatory conditions, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related signaling and cytokine overexpression, barrier tissue dysfunction and oxidative stress, and metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, in experimental models of colitis, liver failure, and renal and cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. This suggests multiple mechanisms of ALP anti-inflammatory action that remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods: Recent studies have contributed to a deeper comprehension of the role played by ALP in immune metabolism.

LPS-Dephosphorylating Alkaline Phosphatase of PhoA Family Divergent from the Multiple Homologues of spp.

A highly active alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the protein structural family PhoA, from a mussel gut-associated strain of the marine bacterium KMM 296 (CmAP), was found to effectively dephosphorylate lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the structure, and to suggest the physiological role of this enzyme in marine bacteria of the genus . A scrutiny of the CmAP-like sequences in 36 available genomes revealed nine homologues intrinsic to the subspecies , whereas PhoA of a distant relative JO1 carried an inactive mutation.

Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP13 promotes shade avoidance syndrome-like responses by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive gene promoters.

TCP13 belongs to a subgroup of TCP transcription factors implicated in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we show that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by enhancing hypocotyl elongation and suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis as a part of the incoherent feed-forward loop in light signaling. Shade is known to promote the SAS by activating PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin signaling in plants, but we found no evidence in a transcriptome analysis that TCP13 activates PIF-auxin signaling.