Ketamine and tramadol for the prevention of shivering during spinal anaesthesia.

Introduction: Anaesthesia and surgery promote significant thermal disorder in the human body. Spinal anaesthesia causes lower limb vasodilation and redistribution of body heat from central to the peripheral compartments.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical study to compare the effectiveness of IV ketamine and tramadol in the prevention of shivering associated with spinal anaesthesia.

Levobupivacaine for postoperative epidural analgesia in orthopaedic surgery.

Introduction: Levobupivacaine is the S(-)enantiomer of bupivacaine, a long acting amino-ester local anaesthetic agent. Cocktail mixture of levobupivacaine and fentanyl infusion is commonly given via epidural for post-operative analgesia. The concentration of levobupivacaine for optimal pain relief with least side effects remained uncertain.

Acute aortic dissection at two extreme ages.

Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition, warranting prompt diagnosis and treatment. Management of which incorporates multidisciplinary expertise from the medical, surgical and intensive care. If left untreated, the mortality rate of acute aortic disease exceeds 50% within 48 hours and 80% within two weeks, with a 5-year survival rate of 19%.

Off-pump Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with left main stem disease.

Background: The safety, feasibility and post-operative outcome are the main concern in Off-pump Coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB) surgery as compared to conventional technique especially in multi-vessels coronary artery disease.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 137 patients with left main stem disease (LMS) who underwent Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) between January 2001 and August 2009 to compare the outcome between off-pump and on-pump CABG.

Results: The mean age was 59.

Myocardial ischaemic time and its relation with left ventricular ejection fraction after single valve replacement.

Background And Aims: The effect of the duration of ischaemic myocardial time to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after valve replacement surgery has been attributed. This study aims to look at the correlation between myocardial ischaemic time and changes LVEF post valve replacement surgery up to 6 months period.

Patients And Methods: This is a single centre observational study.