[Multiple neuroendocrine tumor of the small bowel: a case report and a review of literature].

Primary malignant tumors of small bowel constitute only about 1-2% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Although neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are relatively rare, they still represent the second most common malignancy of the small bowel (after adenocarcinoma). Clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, bowel obstruction, diarrhea, weight loss and bleeding.

[Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) our experience].

Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to present our experience with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) as an operative approach in a selected group of patients with rectal tumours.

Methods: We present a retrospective study of 80 patients operated for rectal tumour using TEM. Specific preoperative and postoperative indicators were gathered and statistically evaluated.

Clinical impact of PAI 1 4G/5G gene polymorphism in colorectal carcinoma patients.

Plasminogen activator ihnibitor (PAI 1) belongs to the plasminogen activator system, which is part of the metastatic cascade and significantly contributes to invasive growth and angiogenesis of malignant tumors. Its plasma level is normally low but 4G/4G homozygotes have higher concentrations of PAI 1. This genotype may be associated with worse prognosis and proximal location of colorectal cancer than 5G/5G homozygotes.

[Surgical management of jejunal diverticulosis complications].

Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare disorder and the course of the disease is mostly asymptomatic. A surgeon meets the patients only in the acute phase of the disease, when the disease symptoms most commonly include bleeding and perforation. Jejunum is difficult to examine using the common visaulization methods and endoscopic methods, therefore, the diagnostics of the disease is difficult and the disease may often mask other disorders.

Clinical significance of the plasminogen activator system in relation to grade of tumor and treatment response in colorectal carcinoma patients.

Urokinase (uPA) plays an essential role in the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, and together with its receptor (uPAR), tissue activator (tPA) and urokinase inhibitors (PAI 1, PAI 2, PAI 3 and protease nexin) forms the plasminogen activator system (PAS), a component of metastatic cascade importantly contributing to the invasive growth and angiogenesis of malignant tumours. In our project we examined the expression of uPA, uPAR, PAI 1 and PAI 2 in tumor tissue and we also studied the plasma levels of PAI 1 before and after the initiation of therapy in patients with colorectal carcinoma in relationship to grade of tumor and the treatment response. In our prospective evaluation we included 80 patients treated for adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum.