Effects of an AAC feature on decoding and encoding skills of adults with Down syndrome.

Literacy skills can assist in the navigation and enjoyment of adult life. For individuals who have reached adulthood without strong literacy skills, opportunities for continued literacy learning are few. Redesigning AAC technologies to support literacy skill development could extend literacy learning opportunities for adults with developmental disabilities who have limited speech.

Effects of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication Technology Decoding Feature on Single-Word Reading by Individuals With Down Syndrome and Limited Functional Speech.

Purpose: Literacy skills are foundational to participation in adolescent and adult life, and decoding skills (i.e., sounding out to read words) are critical to literacy learning.

Similarities and differences in the oncology drug approval process between FDA and European Union with emphasis on in vitro companion diagnostics.

Drug approval [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), or market authorization for the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA)] is the most significant regulatory milestone for any drug, as drugs can only be marketed after marketing approval by a health authority.

Approval probabilities and regulatory review patterns for anticancer drugs in the European Union.

Aim: This article reviews outcomes of marketing authorization applications for anticancer drugs in the EU and outlines factors and hurdles of impact.

Methods: Procedures for initial approval of anticancer and non-cancer drugs were analyzed and compared to anticancer drug approvals in the USA and Japan for the same period.

Results: From 2006 to 2011, the regulatory review of 46 marketing authorization applications resulted in 29 new cancer drug approvals.

Stereoselective recognition of the enantiomers of phenglutarimide and of six related compounds by four muscarinic receptor subtypes.

1. We have compared the binding properties of the enantiomers of phenglutarimide (1) and of six related compounds to M1 receptors in NB-OK-1 cells, M2 receptors in rat heart, M3 receptors in rat pancreas and the M4 receptors of rat striatum, with their functional (antimuscarinic) properties in rabbit vas deferens (M1/M4-like), guinea-pig atria (M2) and guinea-pig ileum (M3) receptors. The binding properties of the enantiomers of three of the compounds were also measured on cloned human m1-m4 receptors expressed by CHO cells, using [3H]-N-methylscopolamine ([3H]-NMS) as radioligand.