Lactase deficiency in Russia: multiethnic genetic study.

Background: Lactase persistence-the ability to digest lactose through adulthood-is closely related to evolutionary adaptations and has affected many populations since the beginning of cattle breeding. Nevertheless, the contrast initial phenotype, lactase non-persistence or adult lactase deficiency, is still observed in large numbers of people worldwide.

Methods: We performed a multiethnic genetic study of lactase deficiency on 24,439 people, the largest in Russia to date.

Activation of TLR4 of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances the Regenerative Properties of Their Secretomes.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), like macrophages, can be polarized in vitro. In particular, activation of type 4 Toll-like receptor in MSC leads to the appearance of the so-called "proinflammatory" MSC phenotype (MSC1). We showed that secretome (conditioned media) of MSC1 can affect the wound healing processes: promote healing and modulate exudative inflammation and subsequent fibroplastic processes in the damaged area.

Phenotypic Features of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations Obtained under the Influence of Various Toll-Like Receptors Ligands.

The paper characterizes phenotypic features of subpopulations of human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) resulting from exposure to Toll-like receptors ligands. MSC1 and MSC2 phenotypes were induced by exposure to LPS and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, respectively. Different exposures to Toll-like receptors ligands, short-term (3 h) and long-term (24 h), were studied.