Enterotype-Dependent Probiotic-Mediated Changes in the Male Rat Intestinal Microbiome In Vivo and In Vitro.

Beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria have been known long ago, but particular interest in probiotics has arisen in the last two decades due to the understanding of the important role of intestinal microflora in human life. Thus, the ability of probiotics to support healthy homeostasis of gut microbiomes has received particular attention. Here, we evaluated the effect of a probiotic consisting of and on the gut microbiome of male rats, assessed their persistence in the fecal biota, and compared probiotic-mediated changes in vitro and in vivo.

Neuromodulators as Interdomain Signaling Molecules Capable of Occupying Effector Binding Sites in Bacterial Transcription Factors.

Hormones and neurotransmitters are important components of inter-kingdom signaling systems that ensure the coexistence of eukaryotes with their microbial community. Their ability to affect bacterial physiology, metabolism, and gene expression was evidenced by various experimental approaches, but direct penetration into bacteria has only recently been reported. This opened the possibility of considering neuromodulators as potential effectors of bacterial ligand-dependent regulatory proteins.

The Fate and Functionality of Alien tRNA Fragments in Culturing Medium and Cells of .

Numerous observations have supported the idea that various types of noncoding RNAs, including tRNA fragments (tRFs), are involved in communications between the host and its microbial community. The possibility of using their signaling function has stimulated the study of secreted RNAs, potentially involved in the interspecies interaction of bacteria. This work aimed at identifying such RNAs and characterizing their maturation during transport.

Sense and antisense RNA products of the gene can affect motility and chemotaxis acting independent of the UxuR protein.

Small non-coding and antisense RNAs are widespread in all kingdoms of life, however, the diversity of their functions in bacteria is largely unknown. Here, we study RNAs synthesised from divergent promoters located in the 3'-end of the gene, encoding transcription factor regulating hexuronate metabolism in These overlapping promoters were predicted with rather high scores, effectively bound RNA polymerase and and were capable of initiating transcription in sense and antisense directions. The genome-wide correlation between promoter scores and RNA polymerase binding and was higher for promoters located on the antisense strands of the genes, however, sense promoters within the gene were more active.

Differential Impact of Hexuronate Regulators ExuR and UxuR on the Proteome.

ExuR and UxuR are paralogous proteins belonging to the GntR family of transcriptional regulators. Both are known to control hexuronic acid metabolism in a variety of Gammaproteobacteria but the relative impact of each of them is still unclear. Here, we apply 2D difference electrophoresis followed by mass-spectrometry to characterise the changes in the proteome in response to a or deletion.