Publications by authors named "O N Chilyabanyama"
Diarrhoeagenic (DEC) significantly contributes to the burden of diarrhoea among children. Currently, there is no approved vaccine against DEC, but several vaccines against the enterotoxigenic (ETEC) pathotype are in advanced clinical trial stages, including the ETVAX vaccine, undergoing evaluation in Zambia. This study reports on the reactivity of antibodies from ETVAX vaccine and placebo recipients in a phase I clinical trial to proteins derived from (DEC) other than ETEC.
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- Diarrhoea significantly impacts childhood health in developing countries, particularly in Lusaka, Zambia, where a study aimed to identify the specific diarrhoeagenic pathotypes affecting children.
- Over an 8-month period, 590 stool samples were collected from children aged 0-3 years with diarrhoea, revealing that 76.1% tested positive for diarrhoeagenic pathogens.
- The most common pathogens identified were enteropathogenic (45.4%), enteroaggregative (39.5%), and enterotoxigenic (29.7%), with a notable finding that over half of the positive samples contained multiple virulent combinations, emphasizing the need for early preventive measures for childhood diarrhoea.
Association of biomarkers of enteric dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and growth hormone resistance with seroconversion to oral rotavirus vaccine: A lasso for inference approach.
PLoS One
November 2023
Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite the introduction of vaccines. Research shows there are several factors contributing to the reduced efficacy of rotavirus vaccines in low- and middle-income settings. Proposed factors include environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), malnutrition, and immune dysfunction.
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- The study examined the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 470 adults living with HIV in Zambia who showed neurological symptoms, finding that 28.9% tested positive for EBV DNA.
- Key associations with EBV positivity included younger age, shorter HIV duration, and specific CSF findings like low glucose and high protein and white blood cell levels.
- Despite the high EBV detection rate, the study concluded that EBV DNA load in CSF and blood had limited clinical significance and was not linked to patient mortality.
Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of moderate to severe diarrhoea in children for which there is no licensed vaccine. We evaluated ETVAX®, an oral, inactivated ETEC vaccine containing four E. coli strains over-expressing the major colonization factors CFA/I, CS3, CS5, and CS6, a toxoid (LCTBA) and double mutant heat-labile enterotoxin (dmLT) adjuvant for safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity.
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