Prediction-based false memory: Unconfirmed prediction can result in robust false memories.

A growing body of literature suggests a powerful role of predictions on memory through prediction violation and prediction confirmation. Violation appears to enhance memory for the event violating the prediction, meanwhile, confirmation boosts memory for the predicted event instead. Crucially, however, the effect of prediction by itself has not been identified as it has typically been studied with its violation or confirmation.

[Surgical treatment of bronchial fistulas after pneumonectomy].

The results of surgical treatment of 9 patients with bronchial fistulas after pneumonectomy have been analysed. During the reoperation the bronchial stump was wrapped by the omental flap with vascular pedicle (omentoplasty). In 6 patients omentoplasty was used in urgent repeated transpleural operations, in 3--during the late operations from transsternal transpericardial approach.

[The instrumental extirpation of the esophagus via an abdominocervical approach].

The authors operated on 6 patients with cancer of the lower thoracic esophagus and cardioesophageal carcinoma, Stage III. All the patients underwent esophageal extirpation from the abdominocervical access by using an extractor inserted into the esophageal lumen through a cut in its wall above the tumor. The esophagus was drawn out from the mediastinum into the abdomen, similar to subcutaneous vein removal by the Bebcock method.