Nonlinear kinetic estimate of Raman reflectivity in a hohlraum plasma with a radiation hydrodynamics code.

In this Letter, we introduce an inline model for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), which runs on our radiation hydrodynamics code troll. This model accounts for nonlinear kinetic effects and for the SRS feedback on the plasma hydrodynamics. We dubbed it PIEM because it is a fully "PredIctivE Model," because no free parameter is to be adjusted a posteriori in order to match the experimental results.

Altered sensory innervation and pain hypersensitivity in a model of young painful arthritic joints: short- and long-term effects.

Background: Early life experience can cause long-term alterations in the nociceptive processes underlying chronic pain, but the consequences of early life arthritic joint inflammation upon the sensory innervation of the joint is not known. Here, we measure pain sensitivity and sensory innervation in a young, juvenile and adult rodent model of arthritic joints and test the consequences of joint inflammation in young animals upon adult arthritic pain and joint innervation.

Methods: Unilateral ankle joint injections of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (6-20 µl) were performed in young, postnatal day (P)8, adolescent (P21) and adult (P40) rats.

Early post-stroke physical conditioning in hemiplegic patients: A preliminary study.

Objective: To establish the value of an early post-stroke evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness in hemiparetic patients using a one-leg cycling exercise test and to analyze the impact of an adapted physical activity programme 12 weeks after the stroke.

Protocol: Eighteen hemiparetic stroke patients participated in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the control group (CG) underwent 4 weeks of conventional rehabilitation, whereas the training group (TG) performed additional physical exercises.

Self-organization and threshold of stimulated Raman scattering.

We derive, both theoretically and using an envelope code, threshold intensities for stimulated Raman scattering, which compare well with results from Vlasov simulations. To do so, we account for the nonlinear decrease of Landau damping and for the detuning induced by both the nonlinear wave number shift δk{p} and the frequency shift δω{p} of the plasma wave. In particular, we show that the effect of δk{p} may cancel out that of δω{p}, but only in that plasma region where the laser intensity decreases along the direction of propagation of the scattered wave.

Nonlinear Landau damping rate of a driven plasma wave.

In this Letter, we discuss the concept of the nonlinear Landau damping rate, nu, of a driven electron plasma wave, and provide a very simple, practical formula for nu, which agrees very well with results inferred from Vlasov simulations of stimulated Raman scattering. nu actually is more complicated an operator than a plain damping rate, and it may only be seen as such because it assumes almost constant values before abruptly dropping to 0. The decrease of nu to 0 is moreover shown to occur later when the wave amplitude varies in the direction transverse to its propagation.