Comparison of total antioxidant capacity of salivary, capillary and venous samplings: interest of the salivary total antioxidant capacity on triathletes during training season.

Aim: Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is an essential parameter to watch over defense system of athletes exposed to an oxidant stress during intensive periods of training. To control this parameter throughout the training period, repetitive biological samples are required. The TAC is usually investigated in venous blood which needs invasive withdrawings.

Multiple phosphorylation sites and quaternary organization of guanine-nucleotide exchange complex of elongation factor-1 (EF-1betagammadelta/ValRS) control the various functions of EF-1alpha.

The eukaryotic guanine-nucleotide exchange factor commonly called elongation factor-1 betagammadelta (EF-1betagammadelta), comprises four different subunits including valyl-tRNA synthetase (EF-1betagammadelta/ValRS). The factor is multiply-phosphorylated by three different protein kinases, protein kinase C, casein kinase II and cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDKI). EF-1betagammadelta/ValRS is organized as a macromolecular complex for which we propose a new structural model.

Developmental regulation of elongation factor-1 delta in sea urchin suggests appearance of a mechanism for alternative poly(A) site selection in gastrulae.

Elongation factor-1 delta gene expression was analyzed during sea urchin development. EF-1 delta mRNA is present as a single 2.7-kb transcript in unfertilized eggs and in rapidly dividing cleavage stage embryos.

Major intracellular localization of elongation factor-1.

Polyclonal antibodies directed against the two components of EF-1, the G-protein EF-1 alpha and the guanine-nucleotide exchange complex EF-1 beta gamma delta, were used for the analysis of EF-1. We show that Xenopus oocytes as well as Xenopus A6 cultured cells contain comparable ratios around 2:1 of EF-1 alpha versus EF-1 beta gamma delta. Immunolocalization of EF-1 was analyzed in A6 cultured cells.