Historical reindeer corrals in northern boreal forests reveal divergent post-disturbance reorganization by forest type.

Current theoretical frameworks on alternative ecosystem states in boreal forests do not contain a clear prediction on how the sensitivity for state transitions depends on site productivity, which forms a major gap in understanding how disturbances impact these ecosystems. Here, we compared 26 historical reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) corrals used in animal husbandry between the late 1800s and early 1960s with reference forests in the northern boreal forest zone in Finland.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: The Effect of Concurrent Medications on Patient Outcomes.

Introduction: EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-induced rash can be alleviated with tetracyclines (TCN) and topical corticosteroids (TCS), whereas drugs for acid-related disorders (DARDs) can affect EGFR-TKI absorption. The present study investigated the concomitant use of TCNs, TCSs, and DARDs with EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether these affect patient outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from all patients (n = 1,498) who had purchased for EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib) in Finland between 2011 and 2020.

Soil fungal and bacterial communities reflect differently tundra vegetation state transitions and soil physico-chemical properties.

Strong disturbances may induce ecosystem transitions into new alternative states that sustain through plant-soil interactions, such as the transition of dwarf shrub-dominated into graminoid-dominated vegetation by herbivory in tundra. Little evidence exists on soil microbial communities in alternative states, and along the slow process of ecosystem return into the predisturbance state. We analysed vegetation, soil microbial communities and activities as well as soil physico-chemical properties in historical reindeer enclosures in northernmost Finland in the following plot types: control heaths in the surrounding tundra; graminoid-dominated; 'shifting'; and recovered dwarf shrub-dominated vegetation inside enclosures.

N-fertilization and disturbance exert long-lasting complex legacies on subarctic ecosystems.

Subarctic ecosystems are subjected to increasing nitrogen (N) enrichment and disturbances that induce particularly strong effects on plant communities when occurring in combination. There is little experimental evidence on the longevity of these effects. We applied N-fertilization (40 kg urea-N ha year for 4 years) and disturbance (removal of vegetation and organic soil layer on one occasion) in two plant communities in a subarctic forest-tundra ecotone in northern Finland.

Treatment outcomes of non-small cell lung cancers treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a real-world cohort study.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are a standard of care treatment options in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study investigated real-world EGFR TKI use and patient outcomes in NSCLC.

Material And Methods: We collected all the patients who had reimbursement for EGFR TKIs in Finland 2011-2020 and had data available at Finnish Cancer Registry.