Subarachnoid haemorrhage from the rupture of two intracranial aneurysms in the same day: a rare occurrence, not a myth.

The incidence of intracranial aneurysms is approximately 6% throughout the world, although it can be more prevalent in some populations than others. Subarachnoid haemorrhage from a single aneurysm rupture can be devastating, with approximately 35% of patients not regaining consciousness after the initial bleed. In some cases, patients will have two or more aneurysms at presentation, and only one of them will have bled.

[RADIOSURGERY OF INTRACEREBRAL CAVERNOMAS--CURRENT INTERNATIONAL TRENDS].

Although still a controversial management option, radio-surgery of intracranial cavernomas has become increasingly popular world-wide during the last decade. Microsurgery is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic hemispheric cavernomas. However, the indication for microsurgical resection of deep eloquent cavernomas is relatively limited even in experienced hands.

[Tailored cranioplasty using CAD-CAM technology].

Objective: The majority of cranial defects are results of surgical intervention. The defect must be covered within resonable period of time usually after 4-6 week given the fact that the replacement of bone improve the brain circulation. Number of surgical techniques and materials are available to perform cranioplasty.

Morphological observations in brain arteriovenous malformations after gamma knife radiosurgery.

Morphological studies after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) revealed endothelial destruction followed by spindle-shaped cell proliferation in the subendothelial region and in the connective tissue stroma of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) vessels. Histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of this spindle-shaped cell population in the irradiated AVMs were reminiscent of those described as myofibroblasts in wound healing processes and pathological fibromatoses. These modified fibroblasts have contractile capacity, therefore this might contribute to the vessel occlusion, shrinking process and final volume reduction of AVMs after GKRS.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations located in deep critical regions.

Background: Radiosurgery is widely used to treat deep eloquent arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Objective: To evaluate how anatomic location, AVM size, and treatment parameters define outcome.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 356 thalamic/basal ganglia and 160 brainstem AVMs treated with gamma knife radiosurgery.